Keragaman Gen Stearoyl CoA Desaturase (SCD) dan Asosiasinya terhadap Asam Lemak pada Sapi Bali

Abstract

Gen Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) memiliki peran penting dalam mengubah asam lemak jenuh (SFA) menjadi asam lemak tak jenuh (MUFA) yang menjadi fokus penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman SNP g.10360G>A, g.10428C>T, dan g.10487G>A pada gen SCD dengan menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP. Selanjutnya mengkaji hubungan genotipe gen SCD dengan komposisi asam lemak pada sapi Bali, menggunakan 40 sampel darah dari sapi Bali jantan berusia 1,5-3 tahun yang diambil dari Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Keragaman gen SCD dianalisis menggunakan teknik PCR-RFLP dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi. Frekuensi genotipe, frekuensi alel, nilai heterozigositas, dan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg dihitung menggunakan Popgen 1.32. Hasil analisis keragaman gen SCD dari beberapa lokus menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi alel pada sapi Bali bersifat polimorfik. Nilai heterosigositas SNP g.10360G>A dan g.10487G>A menunjukkan nilai Ho lebih tinggi daripada nilai He. Sebaliknya nilai heterosigositas SNP g.10428C>T menunjukkan bahwa nilai He yang lebih tinggi daripada nilai Ho. Nilai ?² hitung lebih kecil daripada nilai ?² tabel pada tingkat signifikansi 0,05 yang mengindikasikan bahwa gen SCD pada populasi sapi Bali berada dalam kondisi keseimbangan hukum Hardy-Weinberg. Hubungan antara komposisi asam lemak dan genotipe gen SCD dengan asam lemak pada daging sapi Bali dihitung menggunakan uji-T. Analisis hubungan genotipe dari ketiga SNP g.10360G>A, g.10428C>T, dan g.10487G>A, asam kaprilat (C8:0) ditemukan secara konsisten di ketiga lokus gen SCD. Selain itu, keberadaan asam lemak lainnya, seperti asam behenat dan linolelaidat, pada dua lokus. Namun hasil ini perlu divalidasi lebih lanjut untuk dijadikan sebagai kandidat penanda molekuler asam lemak pada sapi Bali, mengingat jumlah sampel yang terbatas.

This study examines the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene, which is essential for converting saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The research aims to analyze the diversity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) g.10360G>A, g.10428C>T, and g.10487G>A within the SCD gene using the PCR-RFLP method. The investigation involved 40 blood samples from male Bali cattle aged 1.5 to 3 years, sourced from the Banjarmasin Slaughterhouse (RPH) in South Kalimantan. The diversity of the SCD gene was assessed through the PCR-RFLP technique with a restriction enzyme. The analysis included calculating genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, heterozygosity values, and testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using Popgen32 software. Results indicated that the allele frequencies in the Bali cattle population were polymorphic. For SNPs g.10360G>A and g.10487G>A, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) value was greater than the expected heterozygosity (He). Conversely, for SNP g.10428C>T, He was higher than Ho. The calculated ?² value was smaller than the tabulated ?² value at a significance level of 0.05, suggesting that the SCD gene in the Bali cattle population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The study also explored the relationship between SCD gene genotypes and fatty acid composition in Bali beef using a t-test. Analysis of genotype relationships for the three SNPs g.10360G>A, g.10428C>T, and g.10487G>A revealed that caprylic acid (C8:0) was consistently present at all three loci of the SCD gene. Additionally, behenic acid and linolelaidic acid were identified at two loci. These findings hold significant implications for genetics, animal science, and agriculture, as they provide insights into the genetic diversity of the SCD gene in Bali cattle and its potential impact on fatty acid composition. However, due to the limited sample size, these findings require further validation to establish them as candidate molecular markers for fatty acids in Bali cattle. This underscores the need for additional research, which could lead to substantial advancements in understanding the SCD gene in Bali cattle and its implications for fatty acid composition.