Dampak Reklamasi Terhadap Strategi dan Struktur Nafkah Rumah Tangga Nelayan

Abstract

Reklamasi daerah pesisir bertujuan menambah luas lahan, walaupun tidak dapat dihindari dampaknya pada lingkungan dan kehidupan nelayan. Akibat dampak dari perubahan tersebut, nelayan melakukan adaptasi dengan melakukan strategi nafkah baik secara on-fishing, off fishing, atau non-fishing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti mengenai bagaimana reklamasi menyebabkan perubahan pada strategi dan struktur nafkah rumah tangga nelayan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Kalibaru, Kecamatan Cilincing, Jakarta Utara. Alasan pemilihan lokasi tersebut karena Kalibaru merupakan salah satu perairan yang terdapat proyek pembangunan reklamasi. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini ditentukan menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak 45 rumah tangga nelayan. Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan melalui survei, sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat perubahan strategi nafkah yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya jarak wilayah tangkap ikan nelayan, serta meningkatnya rumah tangga nelayan yang melakukan migrasi dan pola nafkah ganda. Kemudian, perubahan pada modal dan strategi nafkah rumah tangga nelayan menyebabkan perubahan pada sumber utama nafkah rumah tangga nelayan yang kemudian berdampak pada perubahan struktur nafkah rumah tangga nelayan yang sebelumnya on-fishing menjadi off-fishing.

Coastal reclamation aims to increase land area, although its impact on the environment and fishermen's lives cannot be avoided. As a result of the impact of these changes, fishermen adapt by implementing livelihood strategies either on fishing, off-fishing, or non-fishing. The purpose of this research is to study how reclamation causes changes in the livelihood strategies and structures of fishermen's households. This study was conducted in Kalibaru Village, Cilincing District, North Jakarta. The reason for choosing this location is because Kalibaru is one of the waters where there is a reclamation development project. The number of respondents in this study was determined using simple random sampling of 45 fishermen's households. Quantitative data were collected through surveys, while qualitative data were obtained from in-depth interviews. The results of the study showed that there were changes in livelihood strategies in the migration variable which were reflected in the increase in migrant households and households that had dual livelihood patterns. Then, changes in the capital and livelihood strategies of fishermen's households caused changes in the main source of livelihood for fishermen's households which then had an impact on changes in the livelihood structure of fishermen's households from previously on-fishing to off-fishing.