Analisis Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Kawasan Ekowisata “Apar Mangrove Park” Kota Pariaman, Sumatera Barat.

Abstract

Kota Pariaman, dengan garis pantai sepanjang 12 km dan ketinggian wilayah antara 2–35 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl), memiliki daratan seluas 73,36 km² dan perairan seluas 282,56 km². Hutan mangrove di Desa Apar menjadi salah satu ekosistem penting di Kota Pariaman, namun keberadaannya menghadapi ancaman kerusakan dan degradasi akibat rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat mengenai fungsi dan manfaat mangrove. Sebagai solusi, hutan mangrove tersebut dikembangkan menjadi ekowisata yang bertujuan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat secara luas tentang pentingnya peran mangrove dalam melindungi wilayah pesisir sekaligus mendukung pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di kawasan ekowisata Apar Mangove Park, Desa Apar, Kota Pariaman pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2023, degan tujuan (1) Menganalisis indikator keberlanjutan ekowisata Apar Mangrove Park untuk pengembangan ekowisata di Desa Apar, Kota Pariaman, dan (2) Menyusun strategi pengelolaan berkelanjutan ekowisata Apar Mangrove Park Desa Apar, Kota Pariaman dengan metode analisis Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS). Hasil analisis keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekowisata Apar Mangrove Park di Kota Pariaman, Sumatera Barat, menggunakan metode Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) pada lima aspek yakni kelembagaan, lingkungan, ekonomi, sosial, dan fasilitas pendukung, menunjukkan indeks keberlanjutan berturut-turut sebesar 71,22; 55,28; 43,72; 46,44; dan 52,08. Selisih antara hasil MDS dan Monte Carlo berkisar antara 0,03% hingga 1,71%, menunjukkan tingkat stabilitas yang baik. Nilai stres berada pada kisaran 0,141 hingga 0,157, dan nilai R² antara 0,938 hingga 0,950, yang mengindikasikan akurasi model yang tinggi. Aspek kelembagaan, lingkungan, dan fasilitas pendukung menunjukkan status cukup berkelanjutan, sementara aspek ekonomi dan sosial berada pada kategori kurang berkelanjutan. Strategi pengelolaan berkelanjutan kawasan ekowisata Apar Mangrove Park, difokuskan pada intervensi indikator utama dari hasil analisis leverage. Pada aspek kelembagaan, strategi mencakup peningkatan keterlibatan aktif masyarakat lokal, penguatan struktur kelembagaan pengelola, serta meningkatkan dukungan pemerintah. Dari sisi lingkungan, dilakukan upaya konservasi, pemantauan biodiversitas mangrove, serta pengembangan dan inventarisasi data fisik kawasan. Strategi ekonomi melibatkan penerapan sistem paket ekowisata berbasis donasi dan pelatihan UMKM untuk meningkatkan kapasitas ekonomi masyarakat. Dalam aspek sosial, dialog partisipatif untuk menyelesaikan konflik dan peningkatan edukasi serta inovasi teknologi menjadi prioritas. Sementara itu, pengadaan fasilitas pengolahan limbah dan pelatihan pengelolaan limbah diarahkan untuk mendukung keberlanjutan ekowisata secara holistik.

Kata Kunci: Apar, Apar Mangrove Park, Ekowisata berkelanjutan, MDS, Pengelolaan berkelanjutan

Pariaman city, with a coastline of 12 km and an altitude of between 2-35 meters above sea level, has a land area of 73.36 km2 and a water area of 282.56 km2. Mangrove forest in Apar Village is one of the important ecosystems in Pariaman City, but its existence faces to the threat of damage and degradation due to low public awareness of the functions and benefits of mangroves. This lack of knowledge has an impact on the lack of implementation of preservation, conservation, control, and rehabilitation efforts. As a solution, the mangrove forest was developed into an ecotourism that aims to increase public awareness of the importance of the role of mangroves in protecting coastal areas while supporting the sustainable use of mangrove ecosystems. This research has been carried out in the Apar Mangove Park Ecotourism Area , Apar village, Pariaman City from October to December 2023, with the objectives of (1) analyzing the sustainability indicators of Apar Mangrove Park for ecotourism development in Apar village, Pariaman City, and (2) developing a sustainable management strategy for Apar Mangrove Park ecotourism in Apar village, Pariaman City using Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis methods. The results of sustainability analysis of Apar Mangrove Park ecotourism management in Pariaman City, West Sumatra, using Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method on five aspects namely Institutional, environmental, economic, social, and supporting facilities, showed sustainability indices of 71.22; 55.28; 43.72; 46.44; and 52.08. The difference between MDS and Monte Carlo results ranged from 0.03% to 1.71%, indicating a good degree of stability. The stress value is in the range of 0.141 to 0.157, and the R2 value is between 0.938 to 0.950, which indicates the high accuracy of the model. Institutional aspects, environment, and supporting facilities showed a fairly sustainable status, while economic and social aspects were in the category of less sustainable. The sustainable management strategy for the Apar Mangrove Park ecotourism area focuses on intervening in key indicators identified through leverage analysis. In the institutional aspect, the strategy includes enhancing active involvement of local communities, strengthening the management institutional structure, and increasing government support. From an environmental perspective, efforts are directed toward conservation, monitoring mangrove biodiversity, and developing and inventorying the area’s physical data. The economic strategy involves implementing a donation-based ecotourism package system and providing training for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to enhance the community's economic capacity. In the social aspect, priority is given to participatory dialogue for conflict resolution, as well as improving education and technological innovation. Meanwhile, the provision of waste management facilities and training on waste management aims to support the holistic sustainability of ecotourism.

Keyword : Apar, Apar Mangrove Park, ecotourism Management, MDS, Sustainable ecotourism