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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160965Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | Jayanegara, Anuraga | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Nahrowi | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kumalasari, Nur Rochmah | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Setiawan, Duta | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-01-23T12:47:00Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-01-23T12:47:00Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160965 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Populasi ternak ruminansia di Kalimantan Barat memiliki produktivitas yang masih rendah dan masih belum memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi penduduk Kalimantan Barat sebanyak 5,4 juta jiwa yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pemerintah daerah terus melakukan peningkatan populasi dengan melakukan inseminasi buatan dan melakukan pembelian bakalan dari Jawa Timur maupun NTB. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produktivitas ternak adalah belum tercukupinya kebutuhan pakan baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas. Pakan ternak dan ketersediaan pakan dibatasi faktor yang saling berhubungan termasuk kekeringan yang berulang, pembatasan mobilitas ternak, degradasi padang rumput, penggembalaan berlebihan, alih fungsi lahan, konflik penggunaan sumber daya, dan infertilitas tanah. Pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi pakan ternak merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan dalam usaha peternakan. Hal ini dikarenakan ternak dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya untuk hidup pokok, pertumbuhan, produksi dan reproduksi. Kebijakan pemerintah dalam meningkatkan produksi ternak lebih menekankan pada agribisnis on farm, tidak melakukan evaluasi secara komprehensif dan pemodelan dalam jangka waktu puluhan tahun kedepan terhadap ketersediaan pakan, kebutuhan pakan, luas lahan yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan pakan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian evaluasi dan model ketahanan pakan yang sustainable bertujuan: mengidentifikasi keragaman hijauan dari berbagai wilayah kesatuan hidrologis gambut untuk mendukung produksi ternak ruminansia, menganalisis karakteristik penyediaan hijauan pakan ternak ruminansia di Kalimantan Barat, mengetahui potensi dan daya dukung pakan hasil samping pertanian dan industri pertanian di Kalimantan Barat, adanya penggunaan model dinamis, proyeksi dan adanya alternatif kebijakan sistem ketahanan pakan yang berkelanjutan sesuai dengan potensi lahan Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap, tahap pertama dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman hijauan dari berbagai wilayah kesatuan hidrologis gambut untuk mendukung produksi ternak ruminansia di Kalimantan Barat, dan menganalisis karakteristik penyediaan hijauan pakan di Kalimantan Barat. Data hasil wawancara lapangan dengan peternak, meliputi umur, pendidikan, pengalaman beternak, kepemilikan ternak, dan status usaha peternakan, diolah secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola penyediaan hijauan pakan ternak sebagian besar berada pada kategori usia produktif (41-60 tahun), tingkat pendidikan mayoritas sekolah dasar, usaha peternakan sebagai usaha sampingan, dan kapasitas mengarit rumput masih diatas kebutuhan pakan ternak. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis hijauan (H) ketiga kabupaten di Kalimantan Barat tergolong sedang atau tinggi. Indeks kekayaan jenis (R') Kabupaten Mempawah, Kota Pontianak, dan Kabupaten Kubu Raya masing-masing sebesar 5,01, 6,22, dan 6,41. Indeks daya dukung di Kubu Raya (2,01) dan Mempawah (5,19) termasuk dalam kriteria aman karena memiliki CCI di atas 2. Populasi ternak Kalimantan Barat masih dapat ditingkatkan dengan memanfaatkan lahan sawah, tegalan, hutan rakyat dan perkebunan sebagai sumber beragam vegetasi hijauan. Penelitian tahap kedua ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pakan ternak asal hasil samping pertanian, daya dukungnya serta aplikasi pakan hasil samping pertanian terhadap ternak ruminansia di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara survey pengukuran langsung hasil samping pertanian tanaman pangan dan pengumpulan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik, dan dinas terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah satuan ternak (ST) ruminansia di Mempawah sebanyak 10.732 ST dengan kepadatan ternak 8,83 ST (kategori jarang), Pontianak sebanyak 2.392 ST dengan kepadatan ternak 26,01 ST (kategori padat), dan Kubu Raya sebanyak 13.975 ST dengan kepadatan ternak 2,09 ST (kategori jarang). Mempawah mempunyai nilai kepadatan ekonomi tertinggi 42,62 ST (kategori jarang), Kubu Raya mempunyai nilai kepadatan ekonomi kategori jarang 25,58 dan Pontianak mempunyai nilai kepadatan ekonomi kategori jarang 4,42. Produksi bahan kering hasil samping tanaman pangan Kubu Raya secara total sebanyak 217.578,75 ton BK, Mempawah 56.543,55 ton BK, dan Pontianak 1.900 ton BK. Produksi konsentrat di Kubu Raya sebesar 230.726,76 ton BK tahun-1. Mempawah sebesar 41.955,36 ton BK tahini-1, dan Pontianak sebesar 86,98 ton BK tahun-1. Daya dukung pakan konsentrat di Kubu Raya sebesar 101.151,58 ST, Mempawah sebesar 18.383,41 ST dan Pontianak sebesar 38.13 ST. Pemberian hasil samping industri pertanian seperti ampas sagu fermentasi dalam ransum kambing berpengaruh positif terhadap konsumsi pakan, PBBH, daya cerna KCBK dan KCBO ternak ruminansia. Kesimpulan bahwa wilayah Mempawah, Pontianak dan Kubu Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Barat potensial untuk pengembangan ternak ruminansia, dilihat dari potensi wilayah dan daya dukung pakan yang ada. Tingkat penambahan ampas sagu fermentasi 45% menghasilkan pertambahan berat badan harian, daya cerna KCBK dan KCBO tertinggi, sehingga dianjurkan untuk digunakan dalam ransum ruminansia. Penelitian tahap ketiga bertujuan pendekatan sistem untuk mendesain model ketahanan pakan ternak yang berkelanjutan untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi ternak di Kalimantan Barat. Simulasi pemodelan ketahanan pakan di Kalimantan Barat akan terus berkembang hingga tahun 2050. Oleh karena itu, pada simulasi pemodelan ketersediaan hijauan dengan berbagai skenario laju pemasukan sapi. Simulasi model produksi hijauan pakan ternak dengan kebutuhan hijauan pakan di Kalimantan Barat ini pada kondisi baseline masih mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hijauan ternak sampai pada tahun 2050. Pada skenario 1 dan skenario 2 kebutuhan hijauan pakan di Kalimantan Barat masih tercukupi, tetapi pada skenario 3 kebutuhan hijauan pakan di Kalimantan Barat akan terjadi titik temu pada tahun 2049. Artinya area potensial yang menyediakan hijauan akan habis sehingga ternak tidak dapat ditampung di wilayah ini. Berdasarkan hasil data perhitungan uji MAPE populasi ternak dari tahun 2015 sampai 2021 adalah sebesar 5.46%. Validasi model kebutuhan hijauan ternak dengan uji MAPE sebesar 4.56%. Kesimpulan simulasi model yang telah dilakukan jika tidak dilakukan skenario laju penambahan ternak maka produksi hijauan di Kalimantan Barat masih mampu kebutuhan ternak sampai tahun 2050 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | The ruminant livestock population in West Kalimantan still needs higher productivity. Still, it needs to meet the consumption needs of the West Kalimantan population of 5.4 million people, which continues to increase yearly. The local government continues to increase the population by carrying out artificial insemination and purchasing stock from Madura, East Java, and NTB. One of the causes of low livestock productivity is the unmet need for feed in terms of quality and quantity. Feed is a complex and dynamic problem. Animal feed and the feed availability system are limited by interrelated factors, including recurring droughts, restrictions on livestock mobility, grassland degradation, overgrazing, land conversion, resource use conflicts, and soil infertility. Fulfilling the nutritional needs of animal feed is one of the keys to success in the livestock business. This is because livestock can meet their needs for basic life, growth, production and reproduction. Government policies in increasing livestock production emphasize on-farm agribusiness, not conducting comprehensive evaluations and modelling in the following decades of feed availability, feed needs, the land area of feed resources, and areas with the potential for animal feed development are maintained to maintain feed security in West Kalimantan. Therefore, the evaluation research and sustainable feed security model aims to identify the diversity of forage from various peat hydrological units to support ruminant livestock production in West Kalimantan, analyze the characteristics of ruminant livestock feed provision in West Kalimantan, determine the potential and carrying capacity of agricultural by-product feed and agricultural industry in West Kalimantan, the use of dynamic models and projections of sustainable feed security systems by the potential of West Kalimantan land, and the existence of alternative feed development policies in meeting ruminant livestock feed in West Kalimantan. This study consists of 3 stages; the first stage was conducted to identify the diversity of forage from various peat hydrological units to support ruminant livestock production in West Kalimantan and to analyze the characteristics of the provision of forage for ruminant livestock in West Kalimantan. Data from field interviews with livestock farmers, including age, education, farming experience, ownership, and business status, were processed descriptively. Vegetation analysis of data collection techniques was used on low-level plants, including grass, with observation plots measuring 20 m × 20 m and five sub-plots measuring 2 × 2 m2. The results showed that the pattern of provision of forage for livestock mainly was in the productive age category (41-60 years), education level was only elementary school, livestock was only a side business, and grass-cutting capacity was already using the cut and carry system and was still above the livestock feed needs. The forage diversity index (H) of the three districts in West Kalimantan was classified as moderate or high. The species richness index (R') of Mempawah Regency, Pontianak City, and Kubu Raya Regency were 5.01, 6.22, and 6.41, respectively. The carrying capacity index in Kubu Raya (2.01) and Mempawah (5.19) is included in the safe criteria because it has a CCI above 2. The livestock population in West Kalimantan can still be increased by utilizing rice fields, dry fields, community forests, and plantations as sources of various green vegetation. The second stage of our research aimed to determine the characteristics of the population, the potential of livestock feed from agricultural by-products, agricultural industry by-products, and their carrying capacity for the ruminant livestock population in the West Kalimantan region. The research was conducted using a direct measurement survey of agricultural by-products of food crops and secondary data collection from the Central Statistics Agency, the Food Crops and Horticulture Service, and the Plantation and Livestock Service of West Kalimantan Province. The results of the study showed that the number of ruminant animal units (AU) in Mempawah Regency was 10,732 AU with a livestock density of 8.83 AU (sparse category), Pontianak City was 2,392 AU with a livestock density of 26.01 AU (dense category). Kubu Raya Regency was 13,975 AU with a livestock density of 2.09 AU (sparse category). Mempawah Regency has the highest economic density value, which is 42.62 AU (sparse category), Kubu Raya has an economic density value in the rare category of 25.58 and Pontianak has an economic density value in the rare category of 4.42. The total production of dry matter from food crop by-products in Kubu Raya Regency was 217,578.75 tons of DM, Mempawah 56,543.55 tons of DM, and Pontianak 1900 tons of DM. Concentrate production in Kubu Raya Regency was 230,726.76 tons of DM year-1. Mempawah Regency had 41,955.36 tons of DM year-1, and Pontianak City had 86.98 tons of DM year-1. The carrying capacity of concentrate feed in Kubu Raya Regency was 101,151.58 AU, Mempawah was 18,383.41 AU and Pontianak City was 38.13 AU. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the areas of Mempawah, Pontianak, and Kubu Raya Regencies of West Kalimantan Province have a significant potential for ruminant livestock development, seen from the potential of the region and the carrying capacity of existing feed. The third stage of our study aimed to use a systems approach to design a sustainable livestock feed security model to support increased livestock production in West Kalimantan, using a dynamic model system approach. Simulation of feed security modelling in West Kalimantan was projected until 2050. The simulation of forage availability modelling with various scenarios of cattle input rates revealed that the livestock forage production in West Kalimantan in baseline conditions is still able to meet the needs of livestock forage until 2050. In scenarios 1 and 2, the need for forage in West Kalimantan is still sufficient, but in scenario 3, the need for forage in West Kalimantan will reach a tangent point in 2049. This means that the potential area that provides forage will run out, so livestock cannot be accommodated in this area. Based on the results of the mean absolute percentage error test calculation data, the livestock population in West Kalimantan from 2015 to 2021 was 5.46%. Validation of the livestock forage needs model in West Kalimantan with the MAPE test was 4.56%. The conclusion drawn from the research results and the model simulation is clear: if the scenario of increasing livestock was not carried out, then the forage production in West Kalimantan would still be able to meet livestock needs until 2050. This conclusion provides a clear recommendation for future actions in the region. | - |
| dc.description.sponsorship | AFENUE dan SEARCA | - |
| dc.language.iso | id | - |
| dc.publisher | IPB University | id |
| dc.title | Evaluasi dan Pemodelan Ketahanan Pakan yang Berkelanjutan untuk Peningkatan Produksi Ternak Ruminansia Di Lahan Gambut | id |
| dc.title.alternative | Evaluation And Modelling Feed Security And Sustainability for Livestock Production in Peatland | - |
| dc.type | Disertasi | - |
| dc.subject.keyword | carrying capacity | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | hasil samping pertanian | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | pemodelan | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | keragaman hijauan | id |
| Appears in Collections: | DT - Animal Science | |
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| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cover_D2601202013_1ad8a4f4d9e244d0b01b52de412d2bca.pdf | Cover | 4.58 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_D2601202013_a902ffea6be64155b29f78262cbe2ec6.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 4.99 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| lampiran_D2601202013_ee3c2ef2ce1a47b091fbaca84321664c.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 6.73 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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