Karakteristik Formula Krim Tabir Surya Nanoemulsi Kombinasi Lignosulfonat, Ekstrak Daun Zaitun, dan Propolis

Abstract

Lignosulfonat (L), ekstrak daun zaitun (E), dan propolis (P) mengandung senyawa fenolik yang berpotensi sebagai tabir surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukkan aktivitas antioksidan L, E, dan P, serta karakterisasi formula krim tabir surya (FKT) nanoemulsi kombinasi L, E, dan P. Pembuatan FKT dilakukan dengan mencampurkan fase air dan fase minyak, penambahan bahan aktif dilakukan pada fase air nanoemulsi. Karakterisasi FKT terdiri dari analisis ukuran partikel, nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF), pH, stabilitas, aktivitas antibakteri, dan viskositas. Aktivitas antioksidan L dan E dari pengujian in-vitro tergolong sangat kuat (IC50: 34,72 ppm dan 32,71 ppm), sedangkan P tergolong kuat (IC50: 58,15 ppm). Formulasi terbaik dari 22 formula yang dibuat adalah formula 18 L3E3P10 (kadar bahan aktif kombinasi L 3%, E 3%, dan P 10%) dengan karakteristik nilai SPF 34,32±4,48, aktivitas antibakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis yang lemah (diameter zona hambat 2,45 mm dan 3,11 mm), emulsi stabil, pH 4,70±0,17 setelah 28 hari, dan viskositas 44,72±1,56 poise.

Lignosulfonate (L), olive leaf extract (E), and propolis (P) contain phenolic compounds that have the potential to be sunscreen. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of L, E, and P and characterize the combination of L, E, and P in the nanoemulsion sunscreen cream formula. The formulation of the sunscreen cream is carried out by mixing the water and oil phases with the addition of active ingredients in the water phase of the nanoemulsion. Characterization of the sunscreen cream formula consists of analysis of particle size, Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value, pH, stability, antibacterial activity, and viscosity. The antioxidant activity of lignosulfonate and olive leaf extract is very strong (IC50: 34.72 ppm and 32.71 ppm), while propolis is classified as strong (IC50: 58.15 ppm). The best formulation of the 22 formulas is the 18th formula L3E3P10 (combination active ingredient percentage 3% of lignosulfonate, 3% of olive leaf extract, and 10% of propolis), which has an SPF value of 34.32±4.48, the antibacterial activity of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermis is relatively weak (inhibition zone diameter 2.45 mm and 3.11 mm), a stable emulsion, a pH value 4.70±0.17 after 28 days, and a viscosity 44.72±1.56 poise.