Aktivitas Terbang Lebah Heterotrigona itama dan Inventarisasi Tanaman Sumber Pakan Potensial di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat

Abstract

ABSTRAK WIRA AMALIA FADHLILLAH. Aktivitas Terbang Lebah Heterotrigona itama dan Inventarisasi Tanaman Sumber Pakan Potensial di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat. dibimbing oleh LUFTHI RUSNIARSYAH.

Heterotrigona itama merupakan salah satu jenis lebah tanpa sengat (stingless bee). Informasi mengenai aktivitas terbang dan jenis tanaman yang menjadi sumber pakan lebah penting diketahui untuk upaya peningkatan produktivitas budidaya lebah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis aktivitas terbang H. itama, pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap aktivitas terbang H. itama, serta ketersediaan sumber pakan potensial yang ada di sekitar sarang lebah di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat (HPGW). Perilaku yang diamati yaitu aktivitas keluar-masuk sarang, membawa polen/resin, dan membawa nektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata aktivitas tertinggi terjadi pada pagi hari. Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa kelembapan udara berkorelasi positif terhadap aktivitas lebah. Suhu dan intensitas cahaya berkorelasi negatif terhadap aktivitas lebah. Korelasi kelembapan udara dan suhu terhadap aktivitas lebah pada kedua koloni masuk ke dalam kategori sedang. Korelasi intensitas cahaya terhadap aktivitas lebah masuk ke dalam kategori sangat lemah pada koloni 1 dan kategori lemah pada koloni 2. Hasil inventarisasi tanaman menunjukkan bahwa di sekitar sarang terdapat 35 jenis tanaman sumber pakan lebah. Indeks keanekaragaman menunjukkan tanaman di area sekitar sarang stabil dengan nilai H’ lebih dari 1. Indeks kemerataan jenis menunjukkan jumlah tiap jenis cukup seimbang dengan nilai E mendekati 1.

Kata kunci: aktivitas terbang, Heterotrigona itama, HPGW, lebah tanpa sengat, sumber pakan

ABSTRACT WIRA AMALIA FADHLILLAH. Bees Flying Activities of Heterotrigona itama and Inventory of Potential Food Source Plants in Gunung Walat University Forest. Supervised by LUFTHI RUSNIARSYAH.

Heterotrigona itama is a type of stingless bee. Information about flight activity and plant species that are bee food sources is vital for efforts to increase bee cultivation productivity. This study aims to analyze the flight activity of H. itama, the environmental factors that influence this activity, and the availability of potential food sources around the bee nest in Gunung Walat University Forest (GWUF). The behaviors observed included entering and leaving the nest, carrying pollen/resin, and carrying nectar. The results showed that the highest average activity occurred in the morning. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that air humidity was positively correlated with bee activity, while temperature and light intensity were negatively correlated. The correlation between air humidity and temperature with bee activity in both colonies was moderate. The correlation of light intensity to bee activity was categorized as very weak in colony 1 and weak in colony 2. The results of the plant inventory showed that around the nest, there are 35 types of plants serving as sources of bee food. The diversity index indicated that plants in the area around the nest are stable with an H' value of more than 1. The species' evenness index showed that the number of each species is quite balanced, with an E value approaching 1.

Keywords: flight activity, food sources, GWUF, Heterotrigona itama, stingless bees