Kesehatan Karang di Perairan Desa Tulamben Bali

Abstract

Wisata penyelaman yang tidak terkontrol berpotensi meningkatkan prevalensi penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan karang. Perairan Desa Tulamben adalah salah satu destinasi wisata penyelaman yang populer di Bali, menampung ratusan hingga ribuan penyelam setiap harinya. Melihat hal ini, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kehadiran penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan karang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei – Juli 2023 di Perairan Desa Tulamben. Metode belt transect digunakan untuk pengambilan data penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan karang. Rendahnya Rata-rata prevalensi karang sehat (Rata-rata ± SE = 13,72% ± 4,46; 133 koloni) dibandingkan penyakit (13,87% ± 2,72; 135 kasus) dan gangguan kesehatan (72,41% ± 5,04; 709 kasus) mengindikasikan kesehatan terumbu karang di Perairan Desa Tulamben terancam. Ditemukan 10 dari 12 total jenis penyakit karang dan 7 dari 11 total jenis gangguan Kesehatan karang di Perairan Desa Tulamben. Rata-rata prevalensi jenis gangguan kesehatan karang sediment damage (SD) (19,94% ± 3,62; 196 kasus), respon imun karang pigmentation response (PR) (13,99% ± 2,28; 136 kasus), dan penyakit ciliata brown band disease (BrB) (1,56 ± 1,28; 15 kasus) yang tinggi, memperkuat dugaan pengaruh wisata penyelaman terhadap tingginya prevalensi penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan karang di Perairan Desa Tulamben. Kata kunci: Kesehatan karang, Penyakit karang, Gangguan kesehatan karang, Desa Tulamben, Wisata Penyelaman

High intensity tourism diving increases the susceptibility of coral to disease infections and compromised health. Tulamben Waters represents a prominent diving site in Bali, attracting hundreds to thousands of visitors daily. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct studies aimed at identifying the occurrence and prevalence of coral diseases and compromised health. This research was conducted between May and July 2024 at Tulamben Waters. Belt transect survey method used to assess the prevalence of coral diseases and compromised health. Low prevalence of healthy corals (Rata-rata ± SE = 13,72% ± 4,46; 133 colonies) compared to disease (13,87% ± 2,72; 135 cases) and compromised health (72,41% ± 5,04; 709 cases) underscores the threats facing corals in Tulamben Waters. Ten out of twelve disease types and seven out of eleven compromised health types were recorded in Tulamben Waters. The highest prevalence of compromised health types sediment damage (SD) (19,94% ± 3,62; 196 cases), pigmentation response (PR) (13,99% ± 2,28; 136 cases), and ciliate disease type brown band disease (1,56 ± 1,28; 15 cases) underscores the impact of tourism diving on increasing disease and compromised health prevalence in Tulamben Waters. Keywords: Coral health, Toursim diving, Coral disease, Coral compromised health, Tulamben Village.