Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Tindakan Petani dalam Pengelolaan Tanaman Ubi Jalar dan Hama Boleng di Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas Lamb.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan diversifikasi guna mempertahankan swasembada beras. Salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya produktivitas ubi jalar adalah serangan hama boleng, Cylas formicarius. Di Indonesia, kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkan oleh serangan C. formicarius mencapai 90%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan memperoleh informasi mengenai karakteristik petani ubi jalar, pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani dalam pengelolaan tanaman di Kecamatan Tenjolaya. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu penentuan responden, pengamatan langsung petani dan OPT di lahan pertanaman ubi jalar, dan analisis pengolahan data. Wawancara dilakukan kepada 60 petani aktif di Desa Tapos 1 dan Tapos 2, Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Bogor. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh data bahwa 78,33% petani responden berusia diatas 40 tahun, 73,33% dari petani responden mengenyam pendidikan terakhir sekolah dasar, 85% petani mempunyai pengalaman bertani >20 tahun, 62,67% petani mempunyai pekerjaan sampingan selain bertani, dan hanya 46,7% petani responden yang aktif mengikuti kegiatan gapoktan. Secara keseluruhan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani responden terhadap pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) hama boleng tergolong agak sesuai (sedang). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang nyata antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani terhadap pendidikan, pengalaman bertani, dan pekerjaan sampingan petani. Adapun usia hanya mempengaruhi pengetahuan petani, keaktifan petani dalam Gapoktan hanya mempengaruhi pengetahuan dan sikap petani, dan sumber pengetahuan petani hanya mempengaruhi tindakan petani dalam PHT.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lamb.) is one of the food diversification crops aimed at maintaining rice self-sufficiency. One factor contributing to the low productivity of sweet potatoes is the attack of the weevil pest, Cylas formicarius. In Indonesia, yield losses due to C. formicarius attacks can reach up to 90%. This study aims to analyze and obtain information regarding the characteristics of sweet potato farmers, as well as their knowledge, attitudes, and practices in crop management in Tenjolaya District. The research was conducted in three stages: determining respondents, direct observation of farmers and pests in sweet potato fields, and data analysis. Interviews were conducted with 60 active farmers in Tapos 1 and Tapos 2 villages, Tenjolaya District, Bogor. The research results showed that 78.33% of respondent farmers were over 40 years old, 73.33% had an elementary school education, 85% had more than 20 years of farming experience, 62.67% had side jobs in addition to farming, and only 46.7% were actively involved in farmer group activities. Overall, the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of respondent farmers towards integrated pest management (IPM) of the weevil pest was moderately appropriate. The chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices with education, farming experience, and side jobs. Meanwhile, age only influenced farmers' knowledge, participation in farmer groups only affected knowledge and practice, and the source of knowledge only influenced farmers' practices in IPM.