Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/159123
Title: Kajian Struktur Anatomi dan Zat Ekstraktif sebagai Penciri Beberapa Jenis Kayu Mangrove
Other Titles: Study of Anatomical Structures and Extractive Substances as Distinguishing Characteristics of Several Mangrove Woods Species
Authors: Wahyudi, Imam
Pari, Gustan
Sari, Rita Kartika
Andianto
Issue Date: 2024
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Beberapa jenis kayu dalam genus yang berbeda terkadang memiliki tampilan fisik yang serupa meskipun secara anatomis berbeda. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji struktur anatomi, kandungan zat ekstraktif, serta potensi penggunaan beberapa pelarut (reagen) sebagai pemilah antar jenis kayu mangrove. Lima belas batang pohon mangrove dewasa (10?25 tahun) digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian. Analisis struktur anatomi dilakukan secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Kandungan zat ekstraktif kayu dianalisa menggunakan Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS-MS), sedangkan uji kualitatif untuk menemukan reagen/pelarut potensial pemilah antar jenis dilakukan berdasarkan warna atau bercak yang timbul pada permukaan kayu ketika reagen diteteskan. Hasil uji herbarium menunjukkan 15 pohon mangrove yang diperoleh terdiri dari 6 famili, 7 genus dan 10 jenis (species). Dari 10 jenis kayu yang diteliti, R. apiculata, B. gymnorhiza dan B. cylindrica memiliki tampilan fisik yang mirip. Ketiganya berwarna coklat kemerahan yang dapat dengan mudah dibedakan dari 7 jenis yang lain. Secara anatomi, perbedaan diantara ketiganya terletak pada jumlah palang bidang perforasinya. Pada bidang perforasi tipe tangga, kayu B. gymnorhiza dan B. cylindrica memiliki lebih dari 10 palang, sedangkan pada kayu R. apiculata kurang dari 10 palang. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan keberadaan kristal druse di dalam sel jari-jari merupakan ciri khas kayu H. tiliaceus, sedangkan ciri khas kayu A. marina dan A. alba adalah keberadaan kulit tersisip. Susunan pori yang semi tata lingkar, noktah antar pembuluh selang-seling bersegi banyak dan jari-jari 1 seri merupakan ciri khas kayu S. caseolaris dan S. ovata. Keberadaan kristal druse dalam sel parenkim, parenkim tipe aliform dan konfluent, serta saluran interselular traumatis merupakan penciri kayu T. catappa, sedangkan ciri khas kayu E. agallocha adalah parenkim pita sempit dan jari-jari 1 seri. Kesulitan membedakan kayu B. gymnorhiza, B. cylindrica, dan R. apiculata khususnya di lapangan karena kemiripan tampilan fisik dan ciri anatominya dapat diatasi dengan uji fitokimia secara kualitatif (uji bercak warna) menggunakan reagen (pereaksi kimia). Setelah ditetesi larutan ferric chloride 5%, bercak hitam kebiruan akan timbul pada permukaan lintang kayu B. gymnorhiza dan B. cylindrica, sedangkan pada kayu R. apiculata akan timbul bercak hitam kehijauan. Hal ini terkait dengan perbedaan kandungan zat (senyawa) ekstraktif dominan masing-masing jenis. Kayu R. apiculata mengandung senyawa golongan triterpenoid dan flavonoid, sedangkan kayu B. gymnorhiza asal Cilacap mengandung senyawa steroid, naftalena, terpenoid, dan benzopyran. Senyawa alkaloid, kumarin, dan fatty amides terdapat pada kayu B. cylindrica asal Indramayu, sedangkan senyawa kumarin dan alkil amina terdapat pada kayu B. cylindrica asal Cilacap.
Several wood species in the different genus occasionally have a similar physical appearance even though they are anatomically different. The purpose of this research was to study the anatomical structure, extractive substances and the potential use of several reagents as sorter/separators between mangrove wood species. Fifteen mangrove trees (10?25 years) were used as research material. Analysis of anatomical structures is carried out macro- and microscopically. The extractive substances are analyzed using LCMS-MS, while qualitative tests to find potential reagents/solvents for separating wood species are carried out based on the color or spots that appear on the surface of the wood when the reagent is dripped. The herbarium results showed that the 15 sample mangrove trees obtained consisted of 6 families, 7 genera and 10 species. Of the 10 wood species studied, R. apiculata, B. gymnorhiza and B. cylindrica have a similar physical appearance. All three are reddish brown in color which can be easily distinguished from the other 7 species. Anatomically, the difference among the three lies in the number of bars in their perforation plate. In the scalariform perforation plate of B. gymnorhiza and B. cylindrica there are more than 10 bars, whereas in R. apiculata there are less than 10 bars. The results also show that the presence of druse in the ray parenchyma is a specific characteristic of H. tiliaceus, while the specific characteristic of A. marina and A. alba is the presence of included phloem. The semi-ring porous arrangement of pores, multi-faceted alternating intervessel pits and 1 series of ray parenchyma are specific characteristic of S. caseolaris and S. ovata. The presence of druse in parenchyma, aliform and confluent parenchyma, as well as traumatic intercellular channals is a specific characteristic of T. catappa, while the specific characteristic of E. agallocha is narrow band parenchyma and 1 series of ray parenchyma. The difficulty of distinguishing B. gymnorhiza, B. cylindrica and R. apiculata wood, especially in the field because of the similarity in physical appearance and anatomical characteristics, can be overcome by color testing. After dripping with a 5% ferric chloride solution, bluish black spots will appear on the surface of B. gymnorhiza and B. cylindrica, whereas on R. apiculata wood, greenish black spots will appear. This is related to differences in the dominant extractive substance of each species. R. apiculata wood contains triterpenoid and flavonoid compounds, while B. gymnorhiza from Cilacap contains steroid compounds, naphthalene, terpenoids and benzopyran. Alkaloid compounds, coumarins and fatty amides are found in B. cylindrica from Indramayu, while coumarin and alkyl amine compounds are found in B. cylindrica from Cilacap.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/159123
Appears in Collections:DT - Forestry

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