Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/158954
Title: Struk Komunitas Serangga dan Interaksi Tritrofik pada Perkebunan Sawit Berbasis Sistem Agroforestri
Other Titles: Insect Community Structure and Tri-Trophic Interactions in Oil Palm Plantations wih Agroforestry System in Jambi
Authors: Damayanti
Hidayat, Purnama
Permatasari, Gusthi Ayu
Issue Date: 2024
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Studi jangka panjang pada lanskap pertanian telah mengungkapkan bahwa vegetasi heterogen berkorelasi dengan asosiasi serangga yang kompleks. Semakin heterogen vegetasi dalam suatu lanskap, maka semakin kompleks asosiasi serangga pada lanskap pertanian tersebut. Asosiasi serangga yang kompleks terutama antar musuh alami dan serangga hama dapat menstabilkan peran dan dinamika populasi serangga dalam menyediakan jasa ekosistem di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh pengayaan vegetasi terhadap interaksi tritrofik dan pengaruh yang terjadi pada struktur komunitas serangga di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2022 sampai Maret 2023 di PT. Humusindo Jaya Makmur, Desa Bungku, Kabupaten Batanghari, Jambi. Identifikasi serangga dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sebanyak 40 plot dipilih dengan desain sistem agroforestri. Sistem agroforestri dibangun dengan meletakkan ukuran plot yang berbeda yaitu 5 m×5 m, 10m ×10m, 20m× 20m, 40m×40m pada perkebunan sawit. Setap plot ditanami enam spesies tanaman (durian, sungkai, jengkol, meranti tembaga, jelutung) dengan kombinasi berbeda (tingkat pengayaan), yaitu setiap satu jenis tanaman ditanam sendiri, sementara tiga dan enam spesiestanaman lainnya ditanam bersamaan. Metode koleksi yang digunakan yaitu metode linier transect count dan beating sheet yang digunakan untuk mengoleksi Lepidoptera pra-dewasa serta mengetahui tingkat parasitisasi pada vegetasi bawah dan kanopi kelapa sawit. Selanjutnya metode sweeping net, yellow pan trap, dan pitfall trap digunakan untuk mengoleksi berbagai serangga yang aktif pada vegetasi bawah. Data ditabulasi dan diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel 365 dan program R Statistik 4.4.0. Analisis data menggunakan analisis sidik ragam model Linear Mixed Models (LMM) dan General Linear Models (GLM). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur vegetasi dan interaksi trofik dalam agroforestri dipengaruhi lebih oleh jenis spesies tanaman dan ukuran plot daripada oleh tingkat pengayaan. Tingkat jaringan trofik (network level) antara Lepidoptera dan tanaman dipengaruhi oleh jenis spesies tumbuhan dengan efek acak ukuran plot. Sementara tidak ada pengaruh jenis spesies tanaman dan tingkat pengayaan tanaman terhadap tingkat jaringan trofik (network level) antara parasitoid dan herbivor. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pengayaan tidak selalu menjamin peningkatan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan komunitas serangga dan jenis spesies tanaman memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan dinamika interaksi antara spesies dalam ekosistem tersebut. Meningkatnya kekayaan spesies Lepidoptera berkorelasi positif dengan kekayaan parasitoid. Jenis spesies tanaman berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat parasitisasi parasitoid sedangkan tingkat pengayaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan.
A long-term study on agricultural landscapes has revealed that heterogeneous vegetation correlates with complex insect associations. The more heterogeneous the vegetation within a landscape, the more complex the insect associations in that agricultural landscape. Complex insect associations, especially between natural enemies and pest insects, can stabilize the role and population dynamics of insects in providing ecosystem services in oil palm plantations. This research aims to understand the impact of vegetation enrichment on tritrophic interactions and its effects on the structure of insect communities in oil palm plantations. This study was conducted from August 2022 to March 2023 at PT. Humusindo Jaya Makmur, Bungku Village, Batanghari Regency, Jambi. Insect identification was carried out at the Biological Control Laboratory, IPB University. A total of 40 plots were selected with an agroforestry system design. The agroforestry system was established by setting up plots of different sizes, namely 5m×5m, 10m×10m, 20m×20m, 40m×40m, within the oil palm plantation. Each plot was planted with six species of plants (durian, sungkai, jengkol, meranti tembaga, jelutung) in different combinations (enrichment levels), where each plant species was either planted alone or in groups of three or six species together. The collection methods used were the linear transect count and beating sheet methods to collect pre-adult Lepidoptera and determine the level of parasitization on understorey vegetation and oil palm canopy. Additionally, sweeping net, yellow pan trap, and pitfall trap methods were used to collect various insects active in the understorey vegetation. Data were tabulated and processed using Microsoft Excel 365 software and R Statistical 4.4.0 program. Data analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Linear Mixed Models (LMM) and General Linear Models (GLM). This research shows that vegetation structure and trophic interactions in agroforestry systems are more influenced by plant species identity and plot size than by enrichment levels. The network level between Lepidoptera and plants is influenced by plant species identity with a random effect of plot size, while there is no influence of plant species identity and plant enrichment levels on the network level between parasitoids and herbivores. This indicates that the effect of enrichment does not always guarantee an increase in the diversity and abundance of insect communities, and that plant species identity plays an important role in determining the dynamics of interactions between species in the ecosystem. Increasing species richness of Lepidoptera is positively correlated with parasitoid richness. Plant species identity has a significant effect on the parasitism rate of parasitoids while enrichment levels have no significant effect.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/158954
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

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