Evaluasi Penggunaan Tepung dan Minyak Larva BSF (Hermetia illucens) terhadap Performa Pertumbuhan, Komposisi Tubuh, dan Kesehatan Udang (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung dan minyak larva BSF sebagai komponen bahan baku pakan untuk mengetahui dampaknya terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan udang Litopenaeus vannamei, komposisi nutrisi tubuh, dan respon kesehatan. Tiga tambak udang, masing-masing berdiameter 20m ditebar sebanyak 72.000 ekor larva udang vaname (PL-8), atau dengan padat penebaran mencapai 229 ekor udang per meter persegi. Pakan uji terdiri dari tiga jenis: pakan kontrol (K), pakan yang mengandung tepung larva BSF (A), dan pakan yang mengandung tepung dan minyak larva BSF (B). Parameter yang diteliti meliputi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas udang, konsumsi pakan, rasio konversi pakan (FCR), kelangsungan hidup, komposisi nutrisi (profil proksimat, asam amino dan asam lemak) tubuh udang, total bakteri dalam saluran pencernaan udang, dan total hemosit pada hemolimfa udang. Ditemukan bahwa substitusi tepung ikan menggunakan tepung larva BSF sebesar 34% tidak mempengaruhi kinerja pertumbuhan udang (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang dipelihara di tambak udang, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol. Penilaian profil asam amino menunjukkan variasi minimal antar perlakuan. Namun demikian, perlakuan A dan B menunjukkan penurunan konsentrasi asam lemak tak jenuh, khususnya omega-3 dan omega-6, dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sedangkan perlakuan B mempunyai kadar asam lemak jenuh dan kandungan asam lemak omega-9 paling tinggi.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of BSF larvae meal and oil as feed components in order to determine their impact on Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp growth performance, nutritional composition, and health response. Three shrimp ponds, each with a diameter of 20 m, were stocked with 72,000 Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae (PL-8), resulting in a stocking density of 229 shrimp per square meter. The trial diets comprised three types: control diet (K), diet containing BSF larvae meal (A), and diet containing BSF larvae meal plus oil (B). The parameters observed in this study included shrimp growth and productivity, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate, nutritional composition (proximate, amino acid profile and fatty acid profile), total bacteria in the shrimp's digestive tract, and total hemocyte count in the shrimp's hemolymph. It was found that subtituting fish meal with 34% BSF larvae meal did not affect the growth performance of shrimp raised in shrimp ponds, compared to the control treatment. The assessment of the amino acid profile has revealed minimal variation between treatment. Nevertheless, both treatments A and B exhibited a decreased concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, specifically omega-3 and omega-6, in comparison to control. Meanwhile, treatment B had the highest levels of saturated fatty acid and omega-9 fatty acid content.