Analisis Tata Niaga dan Nilai Ekonomi Perdagangan Ilegal Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch Audibert, 1798)

Abstract

Perdagangan ilegal satwa liar berperan besar dalam penurunan populasi owa jawa di alam liar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi alur tata niaga, karakteristik pelaku, dan menduga volume serta nilai transaksi perdagangan ilegal owa jawa selama periode tahun 2014-2023. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui Mahkamah Agung RI, Ditjen GAKKUM LHK, berita internet dan media sosial. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Alur perdagangan 70% merupakan redundant channels yang didominasi oleh transaksi online (75%). Provinsi Jawa Barat menjadi lokasi transaksi tertinggi (55%). Terdapat banyak perantara yang terlibat (62,86%) dengan 16 pelaku merupakan penjaja (72,73%). Pelaku yang terlibat mayoritas berjenis kelamin pria (94,29%) dan berusia dewasa (91,43%). Motivasi ekonomi menjadi dorongan utama pelaku (72%). Kasus dan volume perdagangan owa jawa selama periode tahun 2014-2023 terdapat 20 transaksi dan 28 individu. Nilai ekonomi dari transaksi perdagangan ilegal owa jawa sebesar Rp127.400.000,00 dengan rata-rata Rp4.550.000,00/ekor.

Illegal wildlife trade plays a major role in the decline of the Javan gibbon population in the wild. This research aims to identify the flow of trade, characteristics of perpetrators, and estimate the volume and value of illegal trade transactions in Javan gibbons during the 2014-2023 period. Research data was obtained through the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, the Directorate General of GAKKUM LHK, internet news and social media. The data obtained was analyzed using quantitative descriptive. 70% of trade flows are redundant channels which are dominated by online transactions (75%). West Java Province was the highest transaction location (55%). There were many intermediaries involved (62.86%) with 16 perpetrators being peddlers (72.73%). The majority of the perpetrators involved were male (94.29%) and of the adult age group (91.43%). Economic motivation is the main motivation for perpetrators (72%). Cases and trading volume of Javan gibbons during the 2014-2023 period were 20 transactions and 28 individuals. The economic value of illegal trade transactions in Javan gibbons is IDR 127,400,000.00 with an average of IDR 4,550,000.00/head.