Penilaian Risiko dalam Sistem Manajemen Terintegrasi (SMT) Mutu, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, dan Lingkungan (MK3L) di PT XYZ

Abstract

Sistem Manajemen yang diterapkan secara terpisah antara mutu (ISO 9001 dan 17025), keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (ISO 45001 dan PP50/2012), serta lingkungan (ISO 14001) membutuhkan banyak sumber daya yang dialokasikan pada laboratorium pengujian PT XYZ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan kelima persyaratan sistem manajemen tersebut. Sebagai studi kasus, dilakukan penilaian risiko, pemilihan model integrasi sistem manajemen, pelaksanaan Sistem Manajemen Terintegrasi (SMT), sampai ke evaluasi efektivitas SMT terhadap organisasi PT XYZ. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penilaian risiko integrasi adalah teknik matriks probabilitas/konsekuensi. Metode pemilihan model integrasi sistem manajemen menggunakan studi literatur dan technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Pelaksanaan tahapan integrasi persyaratan standar sistem manajemen dilakukan sesuai ISO Handbook: Integration use of management system standards yang. Terakhir, perhitungan evaluasi efektifitas adalah dengan melihat perubahan terhadap biaya sertifikasi, temuan audit pihak ketiga, dan jumlah informasi terdokumentasi. Hasilnya terdapat 10 risiko yang teridentifikasi (risk register) yang terdiri dari 9 risiko operasional dan 1 risiko finansial. Tiga dari risiko operasional yang teridentifikasi berasal dari sumber eksternal seperti: standar acuan yang digunakan, stakeholder atau pihak berkepentingan, dan badan akreditasi/sertifikasi serta 7 lainnya merupakan sumber risiko internal. Dari 10 risiko yang teridentifikasi tersebut, 5 diantaranya perlu mitigasi lebih lanjut dengan melanjutkannya kepada tahapan pemilihan model integrasi SMT dengan metode TOPSIS. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa PT XYZ dapat menerapkan strategi SMT sebagian/parsial dengan mengintegrasikan klausul-subklausul pada kelima persyaratan sistem manajemen dan menjadikan suatu kumpulan prosedur SMT sebanyak 45 prosedur dengan 20 prosedur terintegrasi seluruhnya dan 25 prosedur terintegrasi sebagian. Secara evaluasi efektifitas, dinilai bahwa penerapan SMT pada PT XYZ berjalan efektif dilihat dari 3 komponen penilaian yaitu penurunan biaya sertifikasi sebanyak 34,55%, penurunan temuan audit pihak Ke-3 sebanyak 71,43%, serta minimalisasi jumlah informasi terdokumentasi sebesar 33,48%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kompetensi personil dan juga komitmen Top Management dianggap paling berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan proses implementasi integrasi sistem manajemen di laboratorium pengujian PT XYZ. Agent of change yang tepat dan fasilitas atau sumber daya serta pemilihan model integrasi yang sesuai dapat memaksimalkan keberhasilan. Pada proses perubahan tersebut diperlukan komunikasi internal yang baik kepada seluruh elemen di dalam perusahaan.

Management systems applied separately between quality (ISO 9001 and 17025), occupational safety and health (ISO 45001 and Government Regulation No. 50 of 2012), and environmental (ISO 14001) require numerous resources allocated in the testing laboratory PT XYZ. This research aims to integrate five requirements of the management systems. As a case study, started by risk assessment, selection of management system integration models, implementation of Integrated Management System (IMS), to evaluation of IMS efficiency within PT XYZ organisation. Research method used in integration risk assessment is the probability/consequence matrix technique. The method for selecting a management system integration model uses literature studies and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Implementation of the integration stages of management system standards requirements is carried out in accordance with the ISO Handbook: Integration use of management system standards. Finally, the effectiveness evaluation calculation is by looking at changes to certification costs, third party audit findings, and the amount of documented information. The results uncovers ten risks identified (risk register) consisting of nine operational risks and one of financial risk. Three of operational risks identified commenced from external risks such as reference standard applied, stakeholder, and accreditation bodies/certification bodies furthermore other seven risks are internal risks. Five of ten risks identified require further mitigation by continuing to the level of electing IMS model, utilising the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The result obtains that PT XYZ can implement IMS strategy partially by integrating clauses of five requirements of management systems and transform a set of 45 IMS procedures with 20 procedures fully integrated and 25 procedures partially integrated. The result of efficiency evaluation exposes that IMS implementation within PT XYZ applied effectively, that showed by three components of assessments are 34,55% of decreasing cost of certification, 71,43% of reducing audit findings of third party, further 33,48% of minimising amount of documented information. Based on the results of this research, competency of personnel and top management commitment are considered to have the most influence on the success of the integration management system implementation process in the PT XYZ testing laboratory. The right agent of change and facilities or resources as well as selecting the appropriate integration model can maximize success. This change process requires good internal communication to all elements within the company.