Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/156724
Title: Evaluasi Keragaan, Komponen Hasil, dan Keragaman Genetik Hibrida Jagung Pulut Manis IPB
Other Titles: Evaluation of Performance, Yield Components, and Genetic Diversity of IPB Sweet Corn Hybrids.
Authors: Sutjahjo, Surjono Hadi
Ritonga, Arya Widura
Mukhlisin
Issue Date: 2024
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Jagung pulut merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di indonesia bagian timur, seperti Maluku, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Nusa Tenggara. Jagung pulut memliki kadar amilopektin yang tinggi sehingga memiiliki tekstur yang pulen ketika dimakan. Pengembangan jagung pulut perlu dilakukan dengan cara menambah gen kemanisan sehingga akan dihasilkan jagung pulut manis yang memiliki rasa manis dan pulen dalam satu tongkol. Pengembangan ini dapat dilakukan melalui persilangan antara jagung pulut dan jagung manis. Tujuan penelitian ini ada dua, yaitu memperoleh hibrida jagung pulut manis yang potensial untuk dijadikan sebagai kandidat varietas unggul, memperoleh informasi tentang karakteristik pertumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk meningkatkan hasil jagung pulut manis. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua prcobaan, dimana percobaan pertama adalah keragaan hibrida jagung pulut manis di dua lokasi, percobaan kedua adalah pendugaan parameter genetik karakter agronomi dan daya hasil jagung pulut manis di dua lokasi. Percobaan pertama menunjukkan karakter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, lebar daun, jumlah baris, jumlah biji per baris, diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol, dan bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot dipengaruhi oleh interaksi G×E. Hasil uji di lokasi Lampung dan Bogor untuk karakter hasil seperti, diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol, jumlah baris, jumlah biji per baris, bobot tongkol kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, dan produktivitas menunjukkan bahwa lokasi bogor lebih unggul dibandingkan di lokasi Lampung. Terdapat keragaman pada pengamatan kualitatif pada 15 genotipe jagung pulut manis. Analisis klaster terbagi menjadi 3 klaster yang membedakan, klaster I umumnya menunjukkan keunggulan pada semua karakter yang diamati, sedangkan klaster III hampir semuanya menunjukkan kelemahan pada karakter yang diamati. Genotipe G1, G7, dan G12 dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat untuk dilepas menjadi varietas unggul baru jagung pulut manis. Percobaan kedua menunjukkan semua karakter yang diamati memeiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi kecuali karakter diameter batang. Analisis korelasi antar karakter menunjukkan karakter bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot memiliki nilai pengaruh positif yang nyata untuk semua karakter yang diamati. Analisis untuk karakter jumlah biji per baris, diameter tongkol, dan panjang tongkol memiliki nilai pengaruh langsung tinggi positif terhadap karakter bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot. sedangkan karakter lebar daun memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui karakter diameter tongkol terhadap karakter bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot sebesar 0,415. Karakter tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk tanaman jagung pulut manis.
Waxy corn, a widely cultivated crop in eastern Indonesia, including Maluku, South Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara, is characterized by its high amylopectin content, resulting in a fluffy texture when consumed. To produce sweet waxy corn with a sweet and fluffy taste in one ear, the addition of sweetness genes is required. This can be achieved through a cross between waxy corn and sweet corn. The objectives of this research were twofold: to develop sweet waxy corn hybrids that possess the potential to serve as superior variety candidates and to gather information on growth characteristics that can be utilized as selection criteria to enhance the yield of sweet waxy corn. This research entailed two experiments. The first experiment involved the assessment of sweet waxy corn hybrids at two different locations, while the second experiment was focused on the estimation of genetic parameters of agronomic characteristics and yield for sweet waxy corn at two locations. The initial experiment demonstrated that various traits, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf width, number of rows, number of seeds per row, ear diameter, ear length, and ear weight without husk, were influenced by the interaction between genotype and environment. The results from the Lampung and Bogor locations revealed that the Bogor location was more favorable for yield characteristics like ear diameter, ear length, number of rows, number of seeds per row, ear weight, and ear weight without ear. Additionally, the results indicated that the Bogor location had higher productivity compared to the Lampung location. The qualitative observations of the 15 sweet corn genotypes revealed diversity in their characteristics. The cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters: Cluster I demonstrated superiority in all observed traits, while Cluster III exhibited weaknesses in most of the observed traits. The G1, G7, and G12 phenotypes can potentially be used as candidates for the release of new high-yielding varieties of sweet-waxy corn. The findings of the second experiment revealed that all the observed characters exhibited high heritability values, with the exception of stem diameter. A correlation analysis of the characters showed that the character of ear weight without husks had a significant and positive influence on all the observed characters. The analysis of the characters of the number of seeds per row, the diameter of the ear, and the length of the ear revealed a strong direct positive effect on the character of the ear weight without husk. Leaf width had an indirect effect on the character of ear diameter, which in turn influenced the character of the ear weight without husk, with a value of 0.415. These characters can serve as effective selection criteria for sweet-waxy corn.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/156724
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

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