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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/156580| Title: | Rancang Bangun Sistem Rantai Pasok Cerdas Tandan Buah Segar Kelapa Sawit Petani Swadaya Berbasis Blockchain dan Artificial Intelligence |
| Other Titles: | Design and Build a Smart Supply Chain System for Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches of Independent Smallholders Based on Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence |
| Authors: | Arkemen, Yandra Syamsu, Khaswar Hambali, Erliza Falgenti, Kursehi |
| Issue Date: | 2024 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Petani sawit swadaya berperan penting sebagai pemasok Tandan Buah
Segar (TBS) dalam mendukung hilirisasi sawit. Petani sawit swadaya juga
berkontribusi 9% terhadap kebutuhan produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dunia.
Pengesahan European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) oleh Parlemen
Uni Eropa (UE) akan mengurangi peran petani swadaya dalam menghasilkan
produk turunan CPO untuk tujuan ekspor. EUDR hanya menerima produk turunan
dari tujuh komoditas pertanian dan hutan yang berasal dari rantai pasok yang
bebas deforestasi dan dapat ditelusuri. Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
(RSPO) telah membangun Platform Online PalmTrace untuk melacak asal
minyak sawit berkelanjutan yang tersertifikasi; namun demikian platform ini tidak
mampu melacak kebun petani swadaya yang legal tetapi belum bersertifikat.
Hanya TBS dari kelompok kebun legal dan dapat ditelusuri yang menjadi
bagian dari rantai pasok TBS bebas deforestasi untuk tujuan ekspor ke UE.
Sebagai syarat kepatuhan EUDR TBS dari kelompok kebun legal milik petani
swadaya harus disegregasi. Pemisahan fisik TBS ini juga diikuti dengan
pemisahan molekul CPO. Oleh karena itu, produksi CPO dari kebun legal harus
dipisahkan dari produksi CPO dari kebun yang legalitasnya tidak diketahui.
Pengelompokkan kebun, segregasi transportasi TBS dan ketertelusuran
produksi CPO sampai ke kebun petani swadaya merupakan pekerjaan kompleks.
Butuh banyak inovasi untuk melakukan transformasi sistem rantai pasok TBS
konvensional berorientasi input internal dan eksternal menjadi sistem rantai pasok
cerdas TBS. Inovasi dengan dukungan teknologi maju industri 4.0 Artificial
Intelligence (AI) dan Blockchain mempercepat transformasi digital.
Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun prototipe sistem ketertelusuran
produksi CPO sampai ke kebun petani petani swadaya. Pengembangan layanan
sistem ketertelusuran dengan melakukan berbagai inovasi cerdas menggunakan
teknologi maju Industri 4.0, AI, dan Blockchain. Tahap pertama penelitian
melakukan inovasi mengelompokkan kebun, transportasi, dan penimbangan TBS
terdiri dari empat kegiatan: 1) melakukan penilaian implementasi keberlanjutan
menggunakan gap analysis di 318 kebun sawit milik 250 petani swadaya di
Kecamatan Tambusai, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Lima variabel keberlanjutan pada
dimensi ekonomi (Luas kebun, Pembeli TBS, Kepemilikan truk, Bibit sawit dan
Kepemilikan SKT), dimensi sosial (Pendidikan petani, Kepemilikan kartu jaminan
sosial, Jumlah tanggungan keluarga, Jarak rumah sakit terdekat, Ketersediaan
fasilitas MCK/sanitasi di rumah), dimensi lingkungan (Kekurangan unsur hara,
Cara membuka lahan, Piringan sawit, Status kebun sebelum ditanam sawit, Jarak
rumah ke kebun).Outputnya adalah nilai kesenjangan pada dimensi ekonomi,
sosial, dan lingkungan. 2) Membangun model klaster dari 318 kebun berdasarkan
data nilai kesenjangan pada dimensi ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan
menggunakan machine learning. Teknik analisis data adalah cluster analysis menggunakan algoritma k-means. Output dari cluster analysis adalah kelompok
kebun terpercaya, kebun potensial, dan kebun kurang potensial. 3) membangun
model penjadwalan timbang truk TBS dari kebun terpercaya menggunakan
metode terminal appointment system (TAS). Data untuk membangun model
penjadwalan truk terdiri dari nomor plat, jenis pembongkaran muatan, waktu
penjadwalan. Outputnya adalah penimbangan truk TBS yang terjadwal
menghindari fluktuasi kedatangan truk penyebab kemacetan di jembatan timbang.
4) Membangun model segregasi dan prioritas timbang truk TBS menggunakan
sistem inferensi fuzzy Mamdani. Variabel input sistem inferensi fuzzy Mamdani
adalah: asal kebun, lama keterlambatan, dan kecepatan bongkar muatan. Output
hasil inferensi adalah prioritas timbang tinggi, sedang, dan rendah.
Tahap kedua mengembangkan prototipe rantai pasok cerdas terdiri dari
layanan offchain dan layanan onchain yang memiliki kemampuan penelusuran
sampai ke kebun sawit petani swadaya. Tahap ini terdiri dari tiga iterasi. Iterasi
pertama menghasilkan layanan offchain berupa prototipe sistem informasi
transportasi TBS. Iterasi kedua menghasilkan service backend application
program interface (API) panen, penjadwalan, segregasi, prioritas timbang TBS
dan API produksi CPO. Iterasi ketiga menghasilkan prototipe layanan onchain
jaringan Blockchain Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) dan chaincode SawitRakyat.
Sistem ketertelusuran bekerja dengan mengidentifikasi: unik ID ID_panen pada
transaksi panen, unik ID No_SPB (Surat Pengantaran Buah) pada transaksi
transportasi, dan unik ID No_Batch produksi pada transaksi produksi. Proses
bisnis mulai dari panen di 22 kebun terpercaya hingga penimbangan truk TBS
untuk memproduksi CPO berkualitas tinggi yang dapat ditelusuri berhasil diuji
coba pada jaringan blockchain sawit rakyat di layanan cloud service. Penelusuran
histori transaksi Blockchain panen dari kebun sampai ke PKS berhasil dilakukan
menggunakan aplikasi pengujian API Postman.
Metode baru penelusuran legalitas kebun dan implementasi keberlanjutan di
kebun petani swadaya dengan cara mengelompokkan kebun, melakukan segregasi
transportasi TBS, menjadwalkan dan memprioritaskan penimbangan truk TBS
menggunakan AI. Pencatatan panen sampai produksi CPO berkualitas tinggi di
ledger terdistribusi dalam jaringan tersentralisasi blockchain hyperledger fabric
menjadikan sistem ketertelusuran sampai ke kebun petani swadaya lebih
transparan dan terpercaya. Kombinasi teknologi AI blockchain menghasilkan
banyak inovasi mendukung transformasi digital membangun sistem ketertelusuran
produksi CPO sampai ke kebun dalam rantai pasok cerdas TBS petani swadaya.
Hasil analisis klaster, hanya 22 kebun terpercaya atau 7% milik petani
swadaya yang mengimplementasikan praktek keberlanjutan. Menghadapi
tantangan ini, perlu usaha maksimal melibatkan lebih banyak koperasi agar lebih
banyak teridentifikasi kebun terpercaya milik petani swadaya.
Pengembangan sistem ketertelusuran CPO sampai ke kebun petani swadaya
menjadikan agroindustri sawit Indonesia tidak hanya berorientasi pasar yang
fokus pada hilirisasi, tetapi juga adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim. Agroindustri
Indonesia semakin dipercaya oleh pelanggan di negara maju dan petani swadaya
semakin banyak berkontribusi menghasilkan produk turunan CPO tujuan ekspor. Independent oil palm farmers play a crucial role as suppliers of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) in supporting palm oil downstream processing. They contribute 9% to the global production of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The enactment of the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) by the European Union (EU) Parliament will diminish the role of independent farmers in producing CPO derivatives for export. EUDR only accepts derivative products from seven agricultural and forestry commodities originating from deforestation-free and traceable supply chains. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) has developed the PalmTrace Online Platform to track the origin of certified sustainable palm oil; however, this platform cannot track legal but uncertified smallholder farms. Only FFB from legal and traceable smallholder farms can be part of the deforestation-free supply chain for export to the EU. As a compliance requirement of EUDR, FFB from legal smallholder farms must be segregated. This physical segregation of FFB must also be accompanied by the segregation of CPO molecules. Therefore, CPO production from legal farms must be separated from CPO production from farms of unknown legality. Grouping farms, segregating FFB transport, and tracing CPO production back to smallholder farms is a complex task. It requires significant innovation to transform the conventional internal and external input-oriented FFB supply chain system into an intelligent FFB supply chain system. Innovations supported by advanced Industry 4.0 technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and Blockchain accelerate digital transformation. This research aims to build a prototype of a CPO production traceability system up to smallholder farms. The development of traceability system services involves various intelligent innovations using advanced Industry 4.0, AI, and Blockchain technologies. The first phase of the research involves innovating in farm grouping, transport, and FFB weighing, consisting of four activities: 1) Conducting a sustainability implementation assessment using gap analysis on 318 oil palm farms owned by 250 independent farmers in Tambusai District, Rokan Hulu Regency. Five sustainability variables in the economic dimension (Farm size, FFB buyers, Truck ownership, Oil palm seedlings, and SKT ownership), social dimension (Farmer education, Social security card ownership, Number of family dependents, Distance to the nearest hospital, Availability of MCK/sanitation facilities at home), and environmental dimension (Nutrient deficiency, Land clearing method, Oil palm circles, Farm status before planting oil palm, Distance from home to farm). The output is the gap values in the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. 2) Building a clustering model from 318 farms based on gap values in the economic, social, and environmental dimensions using machine learning. The data analysis technique is cluster analysis using the k-means algorithm. The output from the cluster analysis is groups of trusted farms, potential farms, and less potential farms. 3) Building a truck weighing scheduling model for FFB from trusted farms using the terminal appointment system (TAS) method. Data for building the truck scheduling model consists of license plate number, load unloading type, and scheduling time. The output is scheduled FFB truck weighing to avoid fluctuations in truck arrivals causing congestion at the weighing bridge. 4) Building a truck weighing segregation and priority model using the Mamdani fuzzy inference system. The input variables of the Mamdani fuzzy inference system are: farm origin, delay duration, and loading/unloading duration. The inference output is high, medium, and low weighing priority. The second phase develops a prototype of an intelligent supply chain consisting of offchain and onchain services with traceability capabilities up to smallholder oil palm farms. This phase consists of three iterations. The first iteration produces offchain services in the form of a prototype FFB transport information system. The second iteration produces backend service application program interfaces (APIs) for harvesting, scheduling, segregation FFB, and CPO production APIs. The third iteration produces a prototype onchain service for the Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) Blockchain network and SawitRakyat chaincode. The traceability system works by identifying: unique ID panen_ID on harvest transactions, unique No_SPB (Fruit Delivery Letter) on transport transactions, and unique NoBatch ID on production transactions. The business process from harvesting in 22 trusted farms to weighing FFB trucks to produce high-quality traceable CPO was successfully tested on the SawitRakyat blockchain network on cloud services. Blockchain transaction history tracing from the farm to the PKS was successfully conducted using the Postman API testing application. A new method for tracing farm legality and sustainability implementation in smallholder farms by grouping farms, segregating FFB transport, scheduling and prioritizing FFB truck weighing using AI. Recording harvests to high-quality CPO production in a distributed ledger in the centralized hyperledger fabric blockchain network makes the traceability system to smallholder farms more transparent and trustworthy. The combination of AI and blockchain technologies results in many innovations supporting the digital transformation to build a CPO production traceability system to farms within the intelligent FFB supply chain for smallholder farmers. Cluster analysis results show only 22 trusted farms or 7% of smallholder farms implement sustainable practices and are part of the deforestation-free FFB supply chain. In facing this challenge, maximum efforts are needed to involve more cooperatives so that more trusted farms owned by independent farmers can be identified. The development of a CPO traceability system to smallholder farms makes the Indonesian palm oil agroindustry not only market-oriented focusing on downstream processing but also adaptive to climate change. The Indonesian agroindustry is increasingly trusted by customers in developed countries, and smallholder farmers contribute more to producing CPO derivatives for export. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/156580 |
| Appears in Collections: | DT - Agriculture Technology |
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| cover_F361190221_3c1b8d018af54b04a1d3ba1ecd8dfd79.pdf | Cover | 7.49 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_F361190221_5bfd4b92f87f46cc89e62e46c51b12e1.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 7.49 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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