Efek Limpahan Polusi Udara dan Kerugian Ekonominya di Aglomerasi Urban Jabodetabek

Abstract

High levels of PM2.5 as an indicator of poor air quality represent a prevalent concern in urban agglomerations, and their spatial effects can worsen this issue. As urban centers expand and become more interconnected, the adverse effects of PM2.5 could impede efforts to control pollution and increase public health expenses across regions. This research delves into the influence of spillover PM2.5 levels in Jabodetabek, focusing on the spatial interdependencies. The findings uncover substantial spillover impacts from neighboring cities, revealing an 8.15% rise in PM2.5 levels in a city when surrounding cities experience a 10% increase in PM2.5 levels. This spillover effect has the potential to lead to an average increase in hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory ailments from 13 cities to 95 average admissions and 6 average premature mortality or incur additional health costs of 1.384,911 million IDR and 17.652,38 million IDR of future income losses based on data for 2022. The study also demonstrates that PM2.5 levels in Jabodetabek are influenced by transportation, secondary industrial activities, green spaces, and the frequency of rainy days, with spillover effects originating from these significant contributors. Furthermore, the research indicates that economic growth caused by industrial sector transformation can have a beneficial effect on air quality in the city and its neighboring areas.