Ameliorasi Kompos dan Abu Batu Bara pada Ultisol di Lahan Perkebunan Nanas: Dinamika Temporal Sifat Kimia Tanah

Abstract

Kendala utama sifat kimia Ultisols untuk pertanian meliputi rendahnya pH, bahan organik, KTK, dan ketersediaan hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dinamika temporal sifat kimia tanah pada 0, 2, 6, 9, dan 10 bulan setelah ameliorasi (BSA) kompos dan abu batu bara (FABA) pada Ultisol di lahan perkebunan nanas. Penelitian terdiri dari percobaan lapang dan percobaan perkolasi di rumah kaca dengan RAL, keduanya terdiri dari 6 taraf perlakuan yaitu kontrol, kompos 50 ton/ha (KT 50), Kompos+FABA 50 ton/ha (KFT 50), KFA 25, KFA 15, dan KFA 5, T= tebar dan A=alur. Selain amelioran ini, tanah juga dipupuk lengkap. Analisis dengan metode rutin dilakukan terhadap sifat-sifat kimia tanah lapisan 0-20 cm pada 0 dan 2 BSA dari percobaan lapang, pada 9 dan 10 BSA dari percobaan perkolasi, dan pada 6 BSA berdasarkan ekstrapolasi. Perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata. Secara umum, sifat-sifat kimia tanah terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan KFA 25. Kadar hara semakin turun dengan waktu akibat proses pencucian. Pada perlakuan terbaik 10 BSA, kadar C-organik, N-total dan KTK tanah lebih tinggi dari kadar awal meskipun masih tergolong rendah, sedangkan P-tersedia juga lebih tinggi dari kadar awal dan tetap tergolong sangat tinggi. Namun, kadar K-dd, Cadd, dan Mg-dd lebih rendah dari kadar awal dan tetap tergolong sangat rendah. Untuk mempertahankan produktivitas tanaman, maka disarankan untuk memberikan pupuk N dan K serta ameliorasi kompos dan FABA pada 10 BSA.

The main chemical constraints of Ultisols for agriculture include low soil pH, organic matter, CEC, and nutrients availability. This study aims to evaluate temporal dynamics of soil chemical properties at 0, 2, 6, 9, and 10 months after amelioration (MAA) of compost and coal ash (FABA) on an Ultisol of pineapple plantation. The study consisted of field and greenhouse percolation experiments, both with CRD consisting of control, 50 ton/ha compost (CB 50), 50 tons/ha compost+FABA (CFB 50), CFR 25, CFR 15, and CFR 5 treatment levels, where B = broadcast and R = row application. Besides, the soil was completely fertilized. Chemical analyses were done using routine methods on soil samples of 0-20 cm layer at 0 and 2, 9 and 10, and 6 MAA, respectively from the field experiment, from the percolation experiment, and based on extrapolation. The treatment’s effects were very significant. In general, the best results were obtained at CFR 25 treatment level. The nutrient status decreased with time due to leaching processes. From the best treatment at 10 MAA, compared to the corresponding initial status, soil organic-C, total-N, and CEC were higher than, although still classified as low, whilst P-availability was also higher than, but still classified as very high. However, the soil exchangeable-K, -Ca, and -Mg were lower than the initial levels and still classified as very low. To maintain plant productivity, it is suggested to apply supplementary N and K fertilizers and compost and FABA ameliorants at 10 MMA.