Identifikasi Jamur Kuping Liar dan Upaya Kultivasinya dengan Penambahan Serasah Daun Jambu Kristal

Abstract

Keragaman jamur liar edible (JLE) dan kultivasinya belum banyak diketahui dan dimanfaatkan dengan baik di Indonesia. Salah satu JLE dengan informasi yang minim adalah jamur kuping liar Auricularia spp., padahal JLE tersebut berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan konsumsi bergizi. Disisi lain, produksi jamur kuping komersial (JKK) di Indonesia tiap tahunnya meningkat, sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan permintaan bibit jamur dan serbuk kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies jamur kuping liar dan membudidayakannya dengan substrat tambahan serasah daun jambu kristal. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode oportunistik. Sampel diisolasi dan dianalisis secara morfologi serta molekuler untuk diketahui posisi taksonominya. Hasil identifikasi mengkonfirmasi beberapa spesies jamur kuping liar diantaranya Auricularia cf. auricula-judae, Auricularia cornea, Auricularia cf. fuscosuccinea, dan Auricularia cf. nigricans. Jamur kuping liar yang berhasil diisolasi dan dibuat bibit adalah A. cornea, namun belum mampu tumbuh pada baglog, sehingga serasah diujikan pada budidaya JKK. Penambahan substrat serasah daun jambu kristal pada konsentrasi 0, 5, 10 dan 100%. Keberhasilan budidaya jamur dilihat dari nilai efisiensi biologis setiap perlakuannya. Substrat dengan penambahan daun jambu kristal 10% memiliki efisiensi biologis tertinggi. Hasil budidaya JKK menunjukkan adanya potensi dari serasah daun jambu kristal sebagai campuran substrat baglog.

The diversity and cultivation of edible wild mushroom in Indonesia hasn't been widely known in Indonesia. One of them is Auricularia spp. Edible wild mushrooms are potentially used as nutritious food. The production of mushroom in Indonesia developed each year causing increase in demand of mushroom seeds and wood powder. This research was carried out to identify and cultivate the wild mushroom with crystal guava leaf litter as substrate additive. The sampling was done by opportunistic method. The samples were isolated and analyzed morphologically and also at molecular level for their taxonomy identification. The identification resulted in four different species: Auricularia cf. auricula-judae, Auricularia cornea, Auricularia cf. fuscosuccinea, Auricularia cf. nigricans. Wild mushroom that successfully isolated and seeded was A. cornea, but it failed to grow in baglog. Based on that reason, crystal guava leaf litter was tested to cultivate commercial mushroom. The concentrations of crystal guava leaf litter used were 5, 10, and 10%. The success indicator of mushroom cultivation is their biological efficiency in every treatment. Substrate with 10% addition of crystal guava leaf litter demonstrated the highest biological efficiency rate. The cultivation result of mushroom indicated that crystal guava leaf litter is potential as a substrate mixture in baglog.