Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Peternakan Sapi Perah Rakyat (Studi Kasus: Desa Mundu, Kabupaten Klaten)

Abstract

Desa Mundu, Kecamatan Tulung merupakan salah satu sentra peternakan sapi perah di Kabupaten Klaten. Keberadaan peternakan berimplikasi pada timbulnya limbah serta potensi pencemaran lingkungan akibat aktivitas peternakan. Peternakan sapi perah yang terdapat di desa ini yaitu peternakan sapi perah dengan biodigester dan tanpa biodigester. Penerapan konsep ekonomi sirkular menggunakan teknologi biodigester menghasilkan biogas, sludge, dan slurry yang meningkatkan manfaat usaha peternakan sapi perah serta dapat mengurangi timbulnya pencemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis kelayakan aspek non-finansial yang meliputi aspek teknis; sosial dan lingkungan; kelembagaan, institusional, manajerial; dan komersial usaha peternakan sapi perah biodigester dan non-biodigester di Desa Mundu. Analisis proyeksi kelayakan ekonomi kedua pilihan usaha ditinjau dari kriteria investasi NPV, IRR, Net B/C, dan payback period layak dijalankan. Namun, usaha peternakan sapi perah biodigester lebih unggul. Hasil analisis sensitivitas terhadap biaya perbaikan biodigester menunjukkan bahwa usaha peternakan biodigester layak dijalankan dan tidak mempengaruhi usaha secara signifikan. Analisis switching value menunjukkan penurunan harga jual susu berpengaruh sangat signifikan pada kedua pilihan usaha, sedangkan kenaikan harga konsentrat dan ampas tahu tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keberlangsungan usaha.

Mundu Village, Tulung District is one of the centers of dairy farming in Klaten Regency. The existence of farms has implications for the generation of waste and the potential for environmental pollution due to farming activities. Dairy farms in this village are dairy farms with biodigesters and without biodigesters. The application of the circular economy concept using biodigester technology produces biogas, sludge, and slurry which increases the benefits of dairy farming and can reduce the incidence of environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the feasibility of non-financial aspects including technical; social and environmental; institutional, managerial; and commercial aspects of biodigester and non-biodigester dairy farming in Mundu Village. The analysis of economic feasibility projections of both business options in terms of NPV, IRR, Net B/C, and payback period investment criteria is feasible. However, the biodigester dairy farming business is superior. Sensitivity analysis of biodigester repair costs showed that biodigester farming is feasible and does not significantly affect the business. The switching value analysis shows that a decrease in the selling price of milk has a very significant effect on both business options, while an increase in the price of concentrate and tofu pulp does not significantly affect business sustainability.