Efektivitas Penyimpanan Seedcake dan Pencegahan Penyakit Damping off pada Semai Kayu Putih (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell).

Abstract

Keberhasilan reklamasi lahan pascatambang berbasis penyemaian langsung sulit dicapai. Berbagai tantangan termasuk benih yang terbawa oleh limpasan air, terutama benih yang halus (seperti benih kayu putih) dan kondisi tanah yang buruk membatasi perkecambahan benih yang efektif dan pembentukan tanaman yang diinginkan. Semai kayu putih rentan terhadap penyakit damping off. Seedcake yang mengandung pestisida organik diadakan sebagai metode untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan reklamasi. Tempat pembuatan seedcake bisa saja jauh dari area penanaman. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui masa seedcake tersebut dapat disimpan sebagai asumsi waktu yang diperlukan untuk pendistribusiannya dari tempat produksi ke tempat penanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penyimpanan seedcake terhadap viabilitas benih, menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi pestisida organik terhadap pencegahan damping off serta aplikasi pestisida organik terhadap viabilitas benih kayu putih pada seedcake dan serangan penyakit damping off pada semai kayu putih. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menguji daya kecambah benih kayu putih yang digunakan dengan metode UDK (uji di atas kertas), kemudian penanaman seedcake di rumah kaca dengan berbagai perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diaplikasikan pada seedcake di rumah kaca meliputi lama penyimpanan seedcake, konsentrasi pestisida organik, dan aplikasi pestisida organik. Selanjutnya, seedcake yang ditanam di rumah kaca pada lahan terbuka. Perlakuan yang diterapkan pada seedcake di lahan terbuka yaitu, penggunaan kompos dan konsentrasi pestisida organik. Kayu putih yang ditanam dengan metode seedcake di rumah kaca menunjukkan persentase hidup sebesar 97,22%. Hasil anaslisis sidik ragam menunjukkan lama penyimpanan seedcake memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% terhadap viabilitas benih kayu putih pada seedcake. Penyimpanan benih dapat menurunkan viabilitas benih. Seedcake dapat disimpan hingga 30 hari dengan perkecambahan terbaik pada kontrol atau tanpa penyimpanan. Konsentrasi pestisida organik tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perkecambahan benih, tetapi perlakuan terbaik adalah pada konsentrasi 10 mL/L. Pestisida organik dengan konsentrasi tersebut dapat menekan penyakit damping off paling efektif dibandingkan konsentrasi 0 dan 5 mL/L. Selain itu, pestisida organik paling efektif diaplikasikan pada seedcake dengan cara merendam benih dalam larutan pestisida organik selama 20 menit. Hal ini dikarenakan pestisida organik yang digunakan mengandung PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteri) yang dapat berperan sebagai antifungi dan menunjang pertumbuhan kayu putih. Penanaman seedcake di lahan terbuka menunjukkan persentase hidup sebesar 93,33%. Interaksi perlakuan kompos dan konsentrasi pestisida organik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah daun dengan interaksi terbaik perlakuan tanpa kompos dan konsentrasi pestisida organik 4 mL/L

Successful direct seeding-based post-mining land reclamation is difficult to achieve. Various challenges, including seeds being accidentally carried away by water runoff, especially fine seeds (such as cajuput seeds) and poor soil conditions, limit effective seed germination and establishment of desired plants. Cajuput seedlings are susceptible to damping off disease. Seedcake containing organic pesticides is held as a method to improve reclamation success. However, the seedcake manufacturing site could be far from the planting area. Therefore, it is necessary to know how long the seedcake can be stored as an assumption of the time required for distribution. This study aims to analyze the effect of seedcake storage on seed viability, the effect of organic pesticide concentration on the prevention of damping off and the application of organic pesticides on cajuput seed viability in seedcake and damping off disease attack in cajuput seedlings. This research was carried out by testing the germination of cajuput seeds used by the UDK method (test on paper) and then planting seedcakes in the greenhouse with various treatments. The treatments applied to the seedcake in the greenhouse included the length of seedcake storage, organic pesticide concentration, and organik pesticide application. Furthermore, the seedcake was planted in the greenhouse on open field. The treatments applied to the seedcake in the open field were the use of compost and the concentration of organic pesticides. The results showed that seedcake storage significantly affected seed viability in seedcake. Cajuput planted with the seedcake method in the greenhouse showed a live percentage of 97.22%. The results of the variance analysis showed that the length of seedcake storage had a significant effect at the 95% confidence level on the viability of cajuput seeds in seedcake. Seed viability decreases when storage is carried out. Seedcakes can be stored for up to 30 days with the best germination in the control or without storage. The concentration of organic pesticides did not significantly affect seed germination, but the best treatment was at 10 mL/L. Organic pesticides with this concentration can suppress damping off disease most effectively compared to 0 and 5 mL/L concentrations. In addition, organic pesticides are most effectively applied to seedcakes by soaking the seeds in an organic pesticide solution for 20 minutes. The organic pesticide contains PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteri), which can act as an antifungal and support cajuput growth. Seedcake planting in open fields showed a live percentage of 93,33%. The interaction of compost treatment and organic pesticide concentration significantly affected the number of leaves, with the best interaction of treatment without compost and organic pesticide concentration of 4 mL/L.