Evaluasi Pemberian Probiotik Dan Asam Amino Terproteksi Dalam Premix Combo Terhadap Metabolisme Rumen Dan Profil Darah Sapi

Abstract

Peningkatan produksi daging pada awalnya peternak sering menggunakan Antiobiotic Growth Promotor (AGP). Namun, Penggunaan AGP terus menerus dapat menimbulkan resistensi ternak dan residu dalam daging. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan AGP telah dilarang di Indonesia. Salah satu alternatif yaitu dengan penambahan feed additive dan feed supplement berupa probiotik, premix combo, enzim, asam amino, dan extract tanaman berupa polyphenol tanin yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja metabolisme rumen dan laju pertumbuhan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian probiotik dan asam amino terproteksi dalam premix combo terhadap profil metabolisme rumen dan profil darah sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) secara in vivo. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 ekor sapi fistula jantan berumur 3 tahun dan bobot badan 350 ± 13.56 kg yang dibagi dalam 4 perlakuan serta 4 ulangan dengan rancangan cross-over design. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari P1: 40% Hijauan + 60% Konsentrat + 0,06% Probiotik; P2: 40% Hijauan + 60% Konsentrat + 0,1% Premix; P3: 40% Hijauan + 60% Konsentrat + 0,2% Premix combo (0,06% probiotik + 0,1% premix combo + 0,04% asam amino (lysine dan methionine)); P4: 40% Hijauan + 60% Konsentrat + 0,2% Premix combo (0,06% probiotik + 0,1% premix combo + 0,04% asam amino (lysine dan methionine) terproteksi tanin). Parameter yang diamati adalah metabolisme rumen (pH, Amonia (N-NH3), Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) parsial), hematologi darah, profil metabolit darah (glukosa, albumin, dan protein total), dan mineral darah (Ca, Mg, dan Fe). Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) serta perlakuan yang berbeda nyata diuji dengan Duncan menggunakan software IBM SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kadar N-NH3, glukosa darah, dan kadar protein total darah. Nilai pH rumen, VFA parsial, hematologi darah, albumin darah, dan mineral darah tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan. Konsentrasi N-NH3 rumen tertinggi pada perlakuan pemberian probiotik (P1) dan konsentrasi terendah pada perlakuan premix combo dengan mengandung asam amino terproteksi (P4). Kadar glukosa darah tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan premix combo dengan mengandung asam amino terproteksi (P4) dan terendah pada perlakuan premix (P2), sedangkan total protein darah tertinggi pada perlakuan premix combo dengan mengandung asam amino tidak terproteksi (P3) dan terendah pada perlakuan premix (P2). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian perlakuan premix combo dengan mengandung asam amino terproteksi (P4) nyata dapat menurunkan konsentrasi N-NH3 dan meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah tanpa memberikan pengaruh terhadap gangguan kesehatan ternak.

The increase in meat production initially led farmers to continuously utilise Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP). Nevertheless, prolonged use of AGP can lead to livestock resistance and residues in meat. Therefore, the use of AGP was banned in Indonesia. One alternative is the addition of feed additives and supplements such as probiotics, premix combos, enzymes, amino acids, and plant extracts like polyphenol tannins, which can enhance rumen metabolism and livestock growth rates. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering probiotics and protected amino acids in a premix combo on the rumen metabolism profile and blood profile of Ongole Crossbreed (PO) cattle in vivo. This study used four male fistulated cattle aged three years and weighing 350 ± 13.56 kg, divided into four treatments and four repeats with a cross-over design. The treatments in this study consisted of P1: 40% forage + 60% concentrate + 0.06% probiotics; P2: 40% forage + 60% concentrate + 0.1% premix ; P3: 40% forage + 60% concentrate + 0.2% Premix Combo (0.06% probiotics + 0.1% premix combo + 0.04% amino acids (lysine and methionine); and P4: 40% forage + 60% concentrate + 0.2% Premix Combo containing protected amino acid (0.06% probiotics + 0.1% premix combo + 0.04% amino acids (lysine and methionine) protected by tannin. The parameters observed were rumen metabolism (pH, Ammonia (N-NH3), partial Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA)), blood haematology, blood metabolite profile (glucose, albumin, and total protein), and blood minerals (Ca, Mg, and Fe). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and significantly different treatments were tested with Duncan's test using IBM SPSS 25 software. The results of the study showed that the treatments had significant effects (p<0.05) on NH3-N levels, blood glucose levels, and total blood protein levels. Rumen pH, partial VFA, blood haematology, blood albumin, and blood minerals weren't affected by the treatments. The highest rumen NH3-N concentration was found in the probiotic treatment (P1) and the lowest concentration in the premix combo treatment containing protected amino acids (P4). The highest blood glucose level was obtained in the premix combo treatment containing protected amino acids (P4) and the lowest in the premix combo treatment (P2), while the highest total blood protein was found in the premix combo treatment containing unprotected amino acids (P3) and the lowest in the premix combo treatment (P2). The study's conclusion revealed that the premix combo treatment containing protected amino acids (P4) dramatically lowered NH3-N concentration and increased blood glucose levels without producing health problems in livestock.