Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/154775
Title: Seleksi Genotipe dan Optimasi Ekstraksi Senyawa Fungsional Daun Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus)
Other Titles: Genotype Selection and Extraction Optimization of Functional Compound of Cat's Whisker Leaves (Orthosiphon aristatus)
Authors: Ambarsari, Laksmi
Nurcholis, Waras
Bovani, Raisadiba Putri
Issue Date: 2024
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. atau kumis kucing termasuk dalam famili Lamiaceae, merupakan tanaman obat yang mengandung berbagai senyawa fitokimia dengan aktivitas farmakologi yang potensial. Pemilihan genotipe unggul berdasarkan kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas farmakologi, serta optimasi ekstraksi yang dapat menghasilkan kandungan fenolik dan efek antioksidannya yang optimal dari O. aristatus masih belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi genotipe unggul berdasarkan kandungan fenolik total (TPC), kandungan flavonoid total (TFC), kandungan asam rosmarinat (RAC), dan kandungan sinensetin (SC), kapasitas antioksidan 2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), aktivitas antikanker sel HeLA dan sel MCF-7, serta kombinasi ekstraksi optimal O. aristatus yang mengasilkan TPC dan kapasitas antioksidan DPPH, FRAP, 2,2'-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), dan cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC) yang maksimal. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu screening genotipe unggul (Penelitian 1) dan optimasi ekstraksi (Penelitian 2). Penelitian 1 mendapatkan hasil bahwa kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas farmakologi daun O. aristatus dipengaruhi pelarut dan genotipe yang digunakan. Evaluasi 15 genotipe dengan etil asetat menunjukkan hasil dengan rentang nilai beragam pada TPC (3,39–13,80 mg GAE/g BK), TFC (0,20–1,43 mg QE/g BK), RAC (0,02–0,19 mg/g BK), dan SC (1,61– 21,67 mg/g BK). Uji antioksidan metode DPPH (2,09–13,98 µmol TE/g BK) dan FRAP (0,07–2,96 µmol TE/g BK). Aktivitas antikanker untuk sel HeLa (36–56,55%) dan sel MCF-7 (21,95–61,78%). Identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan LC-HR/MS didapatkan 13 senyawa terpilih yang memiliki bioaktivitas setiap genotipe yang termasuk kepada golongan fenolik, flavonoid, monoterpenoid, diterpenoid, dan triterpenoid. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, genotipe A10 (TPC), A11 (SC dan DPPH), dan A12 (TFC dan FRAP) terbukti memiliki keunggulan. Genotipe A1 (sel HeLa) dan genotipe A8 (RAC dan sel MCF-7) juga terbukti memiliki keunggulan. Genotipe A1, A8, A10, A11, dan A12 menunjukkan kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas farmakologis yang lebih tinggi sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa obat berhubungan dengan sifat antioksidan dan antikanker (serviks dan payudara). Penelitian 2, hasil optimasi ekstraksi etanol dari daun O. aristatus menggunakan response surface metodhology dengan Box-behnken design menunjukkkan bahwa kondisi optimum memiliki nilai desirability sebesar 0,81 dengan kombinasi faktor berupa waktu ekstraksi selama 3,465 menit, konsentrasi etanol 60%, dan rasio padatan-cairan sebesar 1:20. Faktor ekstraksi seperti waktu ekstraksi, konsentrasi pelarut, dan rasio padatan-cairan ini memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap respon TPC DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, dan CUPRAC.
Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. or cat whiskers, which belong to the Lamiaceae family, are medicinal plants containing various phytochemical compounds with potential pharmacological activities. The selection of superior genotypes based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activity, as well as extraction optimization that can produce optimal phenolic content and antioxidant effects from O. aristatus, is yet to be widely carried out. This study aimed to create superior genotypes based on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), rosmarinic acid content (RAC), sinensetin content (SC), antioxidant capacity of 2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), anticancer activity of HeLA cells and MCF-7 cells, optimal extraction combination of O. aristatus that produces maximum TPC, antioxidant capacity of DPPH, FRAP, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and copper reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC). This research was divided into two parts: screening superior genotypes (Research 1) and optimization (Research 2). Research 1 showed that the phytochemical content and pharmacological activity of O. aristatus leaves influence the solvent and genotype used. Evaluation of 15 genotypes with ethyl acetate showed results with varying value ranges in TPC (3.39–13.80 mg GAE/g DM), TFC (0.20–1.43 mg QE/g DM), RAC (0.02 –0.19 mg/g DM), and SC (1.61– 21.67 mg/g DM). Antioxidant test methods DPPH (2.09– 13.98 µmol TE/g DM) and FRAP (0.07–2.96 µmol TE/g DM). Anticancer activity in HeLa cells (36–56.55%) and MCF-7 cells (21.95%–61.78%). Identification of secondary metabolite compounds using LC-HR/MS resulted in 13 selected compounds with bioactivity for each genotype, including phenolic, flavonoid, monoterpenoid, diterpenoid, and triterpenoid compounds. Based on the multivariate analysis, genotypes A10 (TPC), A11 (SC and DPPH), and A12 (TFC and FRAP) were found to be superior. Genotype A1 (HeLa cells) and genotype A8 (RAC and MCF-7 cells) were also advantageous. Genotypes A1, A8, A10, A11, and A12 showed higher phytochemical content and pharmacological activity, making them potential sources of medicinal compounds with antioxidant and anticancer properties (cervical and breast). In Experiment 2, the results of optimizing ethanol extraction from O. aristatus leaves using the response surface method with a Box–Behnken design showed that the optimum conditions had a desirability value of 0.81 with a combination of an extraction time factor of 3.465 min, ethanol concentration of 60%, and solids-liquid ratio of 1:20. Extraction factors, such as extraction time, solvent concentration, and solid-liquid ratio, significantly influenced the response of TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and CUPRAC.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/154775
Appears in Collections:MT - Mathematics and Natural Science

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