Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/154530| Title: | Pengaruh Gaya Pengasuhan, Friendship, Child Trauma, dan Self-Image terhadap Penyimpangan Orientasi Seksual Dewasa Awal |
| Other Titles: | The Influence of Parenting Style, Friendship, Child Trauma, and Self-image on Sexual Orientation of Early Adulthood |
| Authors: | Hastuti, Dwi Riany, Yulina Eva Hakiki, Nurzea |
| Issue Date: | 2024 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Di Indonesia LGBT telah dikenal sebagai salah satu bentuk penyimpangan orientasi seksual karena tidak sesuai dengan norma dan aturan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat. Bagi masyarakat Indonesia yang mayoritas beragama islam, ketertarikan seseorang secara seksual masih menjadi isu penting dan hanya meyakini satu orientasi seksual, yakni heteroseksual. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari penyimpangan orientasi seksual ini tidak hanya menyangkut masalah kesehatan seperti HIV/AIDS akan tetapi lebih luas dari itu, yakni akan memengaruhi ketahanan keluarga dan kualitas sumber daya manusia di masa depan, bahkan dampak yang lebih besar adalah dapat mengancam keamanan nasional. Penyimpangan orientasi seksual ini disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor baik faktor internal dari dalam diri individu maupun faktor eksternal dari luar diri individu.
Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh gaya pengasuhan, friendship, child trauma, dan self-image terhadap penyimpangan orientasi seksual dewasa awal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung oleh penelitian kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan kuesioner daring dan wawancara secara online dan offline di DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Barat. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) oleh Rohner (1986) untuk mengukur gaya pengasuhan (a= 0,957), teori Ormrod (2009) yang dikembangkan oleh Pamungkas (2015) untuk mengukur friendship (a= 0,670), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) oleh Bernstein (1997) untuk mengukur child trauma (a= 0,849), Offer Self Image Questionnaire (OSIQ) oleh Offer et al. (1989) untuk mengukur self- image dengan cronbach’s alpha 0,840, dan Personal Identification with Components of Sexual Orientation Scale (Tannenbaum 2006) untuk mengukur orientasi seksual (a= 0,917). Selain itu, untuk uji kualitatif terdiri dari 9 pertanyaan terbuka yang berkaitan dengan variabel yang diteliti. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Agustus 2023 dan melibatkan 100 kelompok usia dewasa awal yang dipilih berdasarkan teknik snowball sampling. Data yang diambil adalah karakteristik keluarga, karakteristik dewasa awal, gaya pengasuhan, friendship, child trauma, self-image, dan orientasi seksual. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji deskriptif dan uji inferensia (uji korelasi dan uji pengaruh dengan Smart PLS).
Rata-rata usia dewasa awal yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini 24 tahun (SD=0,828; min–maks=20–30 tahun) dan lebih dari separuhnya laki-laki (n=100; 89% laki-laki). Mayoritas jumlah saudara kandung adalah 3 sampai 4 orang dan pendidikan terakhir dewasa awal adalah SMK (63%). Lebih dari separuh sebesar (96%) usia ayah dan ibu masuk dalam kelompok usia dewasa madya (41 – 96 tahun). Proporsi terbesar dalam pendidikan ayah adalah lulusan SD (46%) dan ibu lulusan SD (51%). Proporsi terbesar pekerjaan ayah adalah wiraswasta/pedagang/petani (85%) dan ibu sebagai ibu rumah tangga (63%). Sebanyak 53 persen pendapatan keluarga kurang dari Rp3.000.000 per bulan. Mayoritas besar keluarga adalah keluarga sedang (5-7 orang).
Nilai rata-rata gaya pengasuhan penerimaan ibu lebih tinggi (40,68) dari ayah (36,88), dan gaya pengasuhan penolakan ayah lebih tinggi (49,01) dari ibu (41,24). Proporsi pengasuhan penolakan ayah tertinggi terdapat pada dimensi pengabaian (43,94) dan ibu pada dimensi agresi 39,18. Nilai rata-rata tertinggi pada friendship terdapat pada hubungan romantik sebesar 39,33. Rata-rata tertinggi child trauma adalah sebesar 52,40 yang terdapat pada dimensi pelecehan emosi. Nilai rata-rata total self-image adalah 60,11, yang tergolong contoh cukup baik dalam mengelola perasaan, sikap dan perilaku terkait dengan masalah seksualnya. Proporsi terbesar orientasi seksual dewasa awal adalah homoseksual.
Hasil uji asosiasi chi-square ditemukan usia contoh berasosiasi dengan gaya pengasuhan, friendship, child trauma, self-image, dan orientasi seksual. Jenis kelamin adanya asosiasi dengan gaya pengasuhan dan self-image. Pendidikan terakhir contoh berasosiasi dengan child trauma. Pendidikan ayah adanya asosiasi dengan gaya pengasuhan, child trauma, dan orientasi seksual. Pekerjaan ayah berasosiasi dengan child trauma, self-image, dan orientasi seksual. Usia ibu berasosiasi dengan orientasi seksual. Pendidikan ibu berasosiasi dengan gaya pengasuhan, self-image, dan orientasi seksual. Pekerjaan ibu berasosiasi dengan gaya pengasuhan, friendship, self-image, dan orientasi seksual. Pendapatan orang tua adanya hubungan dengan gaya pengasuhan, self-image, dan orientasi seksual. Gaya pengasuhan memiliki asosiasi dua arah atau timbal balik dengan friendship, child trauma, self-image, dan orientasi seksual.
Hasil analisis Smart PLS menunjukkan bahwa gaya pengasuhan berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap self-image. Selanjutnya, friendship dan child trauma berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap self-image. Friendship berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap orientasi seksual. Self-image berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap orientasi seksual.
Self-image memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap orientasi seksual dan menjadi variabel mediator bagi gaya pengasuhan, friendship, dan child trauma. Oleh karena itu permasalahan gaya pengasuhan, friendship, dan child trauma perlu diperhatikan agar dewasa awal tidak memiliki self-image yang negatif sehingga selanjutnya bisa menurunkan penyimpangan orientasi seksual. Bagi orang tua, penting untuk membangun kedekatan yang erat dan komunikasi yang positif dengan anak dewasa awal sehingga usia dewasa awal tidak terjerumus dalam penyimpangan orientasi seksual. Orang tua, dewasa awal, dan lingkungan juga perlu ikut andil dan terlibat dalam mengontrol segala bentuk penyimpangan yang dilakukan orang dewasa awal khususnya penyimpangan terkait orientasi seksual. Penelitian berikutnya bisa menggali lebih dalam dari sudut pandang terkait faktor keluarga dan melibatkan orang tua secara langsung sehingga memungkinkan bisa memperoleh hasil yang lebih menyeluruh dan menyediakan ragam solusi praktis terkait permasalahan penyimpangan orientasi seksual dewasa awal. In Indonesia, LGBT is recognized as a form of sexual orientation deviation because it does not conform to the norms and rules prevailing in society. For the majority Muslim population in Indonesia, sexual attraction is still an important issue, and only one sexual orientation, namely heterosexuality, is acknowledged. The impact of this deviation in sexual orientation not only concerns health issues like HIV/AIDS but also has broader implications, such as affecting family resilience and the quality of human resources in the future. The greater impact is that it can threaten national security. This deviation in sexual orientation is caused by various factors, both internal within the individual and external from outside the individual. This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles, friendship, childhood trauma, and self-image on deviations in sexual orientation in early adulthood. It is a quantitative study supported by qualitative research, utilizing online and offline questionnaires and interviews in DKI Jakarta and West Java. The instruments used in this research include the Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) by Rohner (1986) to measure parenting styles (a= 0.957), Ormrod's theory (2009) developed by Pamungkas (2015) to measure friendship (a= 0.670), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) by Bernstein (1997) to measure childhood trauma (a= 0.849), the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire (OSIQ) by Offer et al. (1989) to measure self-image with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.840, and the Personal Identification with Components of Sexual Orientation Scale (Tannenbaum 2006) to measure sexual orientation (a= 0.917). Additionally, the qualitative test consisted of 9 open-ended questions related to the variables studied. Data collection was carried out from May to August 2023 and involved 100 early adults selected using the snowball sampling technique. The data collected included family characteristics, early adulthood characteristics, parenting style, friendship, childhood trauma, self-image, and sexual orientation. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive tests and inferential tests (correlation tests and effect tests with Smart PLS). The average age of early adults involved in this study was 24 years (SD=0.828; min-max=20-30 years), with more than half being male (n=100; 89% male). The majority had 3 to 4 siblings, and their last education level was vocational high school (63%). More than half (96%) of the fathers and mothers were in the middle-aged adult group (41-96 years). The largest proportion of fathers' education was elementary school graduates (46%), and mothers' education was also elementary school graduates (51%). The largest proportion of fathers' occupations was entrepreneurs/traders/farmers (85%), and mothers were housewives (63%). Fifty-three percent of families had an income of less than Rp3,000,000 per month. The majority of families were medium-sized (5-7 people). The average value of maternal acceptance parenting style was higher (40.68) than that of fathers (36.88), and the rejection parenting style of fathers was higher (49.01) than that of mothers (41.24). The highest proportion of paternal rejection parenting was in the neglect dimension (43.94), and for mothers, it was in the aggression dimension (39.18). The highest average friendship value was in romantic relationships at 39.33. The highest average childhood trauma was 52.40, found in the emotional abuse dimension. The total average self-image score was 60.11, which is considered fairly good in managing feelings, attitudes, and behaviors related to sexual issues. The largest proportion of sexual orientation in early adulthood was homosexual. The results of the chi-square association test found that the age of the sample is associated with parenting style, friendship, childhood trauma, self-image, and sexual orientation. Gender is associated with parenting style and self-image. The highest level of education of the sample is associated with childhood trauma. The father's education is associated with parenting style, childhood trauma, and sexual orientation. The father's occupation is associated with childhood trauma, self-image, and sexual orientation. The mother's age is associated with sexual orientation. The mother's education is associated with parenting style, self-image, and sexual orientation. The mother's occupation is associated with parenting style, friendship, self-image, and sexual orientation. Parental income is associated with parenting style, self-image, and sexual orientation. Parenting style has a bidirectional or reciprocal association with friendship, childhood trauma, self-image, and sexual orientation. The results of the Smart PLS analysis indicate that parenting style has a significantly positive effect on self-image. Furthermore, friendship and childhood trauma have a significantly negative effect on self-image. Friendship has a significantly positive effect on sexual orientation. Self-image has a significantly negative effect on sexual orientation. Self-image has a significant influence on sexual orientation and acts as a mediating variable for parenting styles, friendship, and childhood trauma. Therefore, issues related to parenting styles, friendship, and childhood trauma need to be addressed to prevent early adults from developing a negative self-image, which in turn can reduce sexual orientation deviations. For parents, it is important to build close relationships and positive communication with early adult children to prevent them from falling into sexual orientation deviations. Parents, early adults, and the environment must also play a role and be involved in controlling all forms of deviations committed by early adults, especially those related to sexual orientation. Future research could delve deeper into the family factors perspective and involve parents directly, allowing for more comprehensive results and providing a variety of practical solutions to the problem of sexual orientation deviations in early adulthood. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/154530 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Human Ecology |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cover_I2501202027_0402a2ea37f34986a74d54cef1e956b5.pdf | Cover | 356.75 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_I2501202027_4e326a5c5ae947ba8a0755bd148767b3.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 886.74 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| lampiran_I2501202027_453de442fcd0438da044f66e56c64f98.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 178.34 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.