Inventarisasi Nematoda pada Stroberi di Tiga Sentra Produksi, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Stroberi (Fragaria L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu kendala budi daya stroberi adalah nematoda parasit tanaman stroberi (fitonematoda). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi genus nematoda dan menghitung populasi nematoda pada tiga sentra produksi stroberi di Jawa Barat. Sampel tanah, akar, dan daun diambil secara purposif dengan kriteria tanaman sehat dan tanaman bergejala penyakit. Nematoda diekstraksi dari tanah dengan metode flotasi sentrifugasi, sampel akar dengan mist chamber, dan sampel daun dengan perendaman dalam air. Nematoda diidentifikasi secara morfologi. Analisis komunitas nematoda dilakukan dengan menghitung indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, indeks kemerataan, indeks dominansi, maturity index (MI), plant parasite index (PPI). Fitonematoda yang diidentifikasi, yaitu Aphelenchoides, Criconemella, Helicotylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Meloidogyne, Paralongidorus, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Rotylenchus, Scutellonema, Tylenchus, dan Xiphinema. Nematoda bukan parasit tanaman yang diidentifikasi, yaitu Alaimus, Aphelenchus, Aporcelaimus, Butlerius, Cephalobus, Laimydorus, Mesodorylaimus, Mononchus, Prismatolaimus, dan Rhabditis. Nematoda dengan populasi paling dominan pada daun adalah Rhabditis, akar oleh Helicotylenchus, dan tanah oleh Cephalobus.

Kata kunci: fitonematoda, identifikasi, komunitas

Strawberry (Fragaria L.) is one of Indonesia's horticultural commodities with high economic value. One of the obstacles to strawberry cultivation is plant parasitic nematodes (phytonematodes). This study aimed to identify the genera of nematodes and estimate their populations in three major strawberry production centers in West Java. Samples of soil, roots, and leaves were collected purposively from both healthy plants and those showing disease symptoms. Nematodes were extracted using centrifugation flotation for soil samples, mist chamber for root samples, and water immersion for leaf samples. Nematodes were identified morphologically. Nematode community analysis was conducted by calculating Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, maturity index (MI), plant parasite index (PPI). The phytonematodes identified were Aphelenchoides, Criconemella, Helicotylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Meloidogyne, Paralongidorus, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Rotylenchus, Scutellonema, Tylenchus, and Xiphinema. The non parasitic nematodes identified were Alaimus, Aphelenchus, Aporcelaimus, Butlerius, Cephalobus, Laimydorus, Mesodorylaimus, Mononchus, Prismatolaimus, and Rhabditis. The nematode with the most dominant population in leaf samples was Rhabditis, roots by Helicotylenchus, and soil by Cephalobus.

Keywords: community, identification, phytonematodes