Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/153604
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dc.contributor.advisorAstuti, Rika Indri-
dc.contributor.advisorWahyudi, Aris Tri-
dc.contributor.advisorPrastya, M. Eka-
dc.contributor.authorAqlinia, Maulida-
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-12T22:17:40Z-
dc.date.available2024-07-12T22:17:40Z-
dc.date.issued2024-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/153604-
dc.description.abstractAktinomiset adalah bakteri Gram-positif yang menunjukkan diferensiasi morfologi dengan membentuk miselium dan spora. Aktinomiset terdistribusi luas di berbagai ekosistem dan habitat mulai dari darat hingga laut, bahkan di lingkungan ekstrem. Hal tersebut berkorelasi dengan keragaman morfologi, fisiologi, dan kemampuan metabolisme yang luas serta genomnya yang besar, menyebabkan aktinomiset mampu memproduksi dan mensintesis banyak metabolit dengan beragam fungsi dan struktur kimia unik dengan spektrum aktivitas biologis luas salah satunya pigmen. Pigmen merupakan salah satu metabolit aktinomiset yang penting, dimana aktinomiset merupakan kelompok bakteri yang dapat memproduksi pigmen lebih beragam dibandingkan kelompok mikrob lainnya. Aktinomiset mampu mensintesis pigmen coklat-hitam melanin atau melanoid yang biasa digunakan dalam studi taksonomi. Pigmen melanin memiliki spektrum bioaktivitas yang luas seperti antioksidan, antimikrob, dan antitumor. Gugus aktif fenolik hidroksil, karboksil, dan amina dalam unit strukturalnya memungkinkan melanin memiliki kemampuan meredam radikal bebas. Radikal bebas dapat dihasilkan oleh tubuh atau akibat radiasi UV, dimana akumulasinya dalam tubuh akan menyebabkan cekaman oksidatif yang dilaporkan berhubungan dengan patogenesis dan perkembangan penyakit kronis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian terkait potensi antioksidan melanin aktinomiset diharapkan dapat memberikan peluang kandidat antioksidan alami. Penelitian sebelumnya telah mengisolasi dua isolat aktinomiset dari tanah rizosfer lahan kering tanaman jagung dan spons laut. Kedua isolat tersebut belum pernah dianalisis potensinya sebagai penghasil pigmen melanin dengan aktivitas antioksidan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan pigmen melanin aktinomiset secara in vitro, menganalisis pengaruh antioksidan melanin pada tingkat seluler menggunakan organisme model khamir Schizosaccharomyces pombe ARC039, dilanjutkan menentukan sifat fotoprotektif dari pigmen melanin tersebut. Penelitian ini diawali dengan identifikasi dua isolat aktinomiset berpigmen hitam secara morfologi (pigmentasi miselium dan produksi diffusible pigment), dan molekuler (analisis gen 16S rRNA). Kemampuan sintesis pigmen melanin oleh aktinomiset dikonfirmasi dengan mendeteksi senyawa L-DOPA dan aktivitas enzim tirosinase pada kultur. Produksi pigmen melanin aktinomiset selanjutnya dilakukan pada medium dengan penambahan L-tirosin, kemudian melanin diekstraksi dengan metode presipitasi asam. Pigmen melanin yang didapat selanjutnya dikarakterisasi terhadap sifat fisikokimia (sifat kelarutan, reaksi terhadap zat pengoksidasi, sifat pengendapan), morfologi permukaan (SEM), dan struktur pigmen (spektrofotometri UV-Vis, spektrometrti FT-IR dan 1H NMR). Pigmen melanin ditentukan aktivitas antioksidannya secara in vitro terhadap radikal DPPH dan ABTS, kemudian dianalisis pengaruhnya pada tingkat seluler menggunakan khamir S. pombe serta aspek selulernya dengan analisis aktivitas mitokondria. Selain itu, sifat fotoprotektif pigmen melanin ditentukan melalui nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Pengamatan terhadap morfologi koloni makroskopis dan sel di bawah mikroskop menunjukkan isolat NTB15 termasuk dalam kelompok genus Streptomyces dan diidentifikasi sebagai S. tendae berdasarkan hasil analisis sekuens gen 16S rRNA, sedangkan isolat HV6 termasuk ke dalam kelompok genus Micromonospora dan diidentifikasi sebagai M. fulva. S. tendae NTB15 dan M. fulva HV6 mampu mensintesis pigmen melanin ekstraseluler pada medium produksi tyrosine broth dengan suplementasi L-tirosin yang diindikasikan oleh perubahan warna medium menjadi hitam pekat. Melanin ekstraseluler S. tendae NTB15 dan M. fulva HV6 yang berhasil diekstraksi memiliki karakter berbentuk serbuk kasar berwarna hitam. Selain itu, hasil karakterisasi sifat fisikokimia, morfologi permukaan (SEM), dan struktur pigmen (spektrum serapan UV-Vis, FT-IR dan 1H NMR) menunjukkan bahwa melanin aktinomiset memiliki sifat yang mirip dengan eumelanin. Hasil penentuan aktivitas antioksian menunjukkan bahwa melanin M. fulva HV6 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan DPPH dan ABTS in vitro lebih baik daripada melanin S. tendae NTB15 dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing pada konsentrasi 31,55 µg/mL dan 63,07 µg/mL. Lebih lanjut, melanin M. fulva HV6 mampu memberikan resistensi sel S. pombe dalam kondisi cekaman oksidatif (H2O2 2 mM) pada konsentrasi yang lebih rendah daripada melanin S. tendae NTB15, dan pada konsentrasi 240 µg/mL dapat mempertahankan viabilitas sel khamir lebih baik daripada asam L-askorbat 20 µg/mL dan sebanding dengan kondisi calorie restriction (CR). Melanin juga memacu sistem respons pertahanan S. pombe terhadap cekaman oksidatif dengan meningkatkan aktivitas mitokondria dan menginduksi toleransi cekaman melalui proses mitochondrial adaptive ROS signaling (MARS), seperti yang terjadi pada kondisi CR. Selain itu, hasil penentuan sifat fotoprotektif menunjukkan melanin S. tendae NTB15 dan M. fulva HV6 memiliki efek proteksi terhadap sinar UVB dengan nilai SPF masing-masing sebesar 12,69 (rendah) dan 20,78 (sedang) pada konsentrasi 125 µg/mL.-
dc.description.abstractActinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria that show morphological differentiation by forming mycelium and spores. Actinomycetes are widely distributed in diverse ecosystems and habitats from land to sea, even in extreme environments. This correlates with a wide diversity of morphology, physiology and metabolic capabilities, as well as a large genome, resulting in actinomycetes being able to produce and synthesize many metabolites with diverse functions and unique chemical structures with a broad spectrum of biological activity, one of which is pigments. Pigments are one of the most important metabolites produced by actinomycetes, a group of bacteria that can produce more diverse pigments than other microbial groups. Actinomycetes are capable of synthesizing the brown-black pigment melanin, or melanoids, which are commonly used in taxonomic studies. Melanin pigments have a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor. The active phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine groups in its structural units give melanin the ability to reduce free radicals. Free radicals can be generated by the body or due to UV radiation, where their accumulation in the body causes oxidative stress, which has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis and development of chronic diseases. Therefore, research on the antioxidant potential of actinomycete melanin is expected to provide opportunities for natural antioxidant candidates. Previous studies have isolated two actinomycete isolates from dryland rhizosphere soils of maize plants and sea sponges. Both isolates have never been investigated for their potential as melanin pigment producers with antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of actinomycetes melanin pigments, analyze the effect of melanin antioxidants at the cellular level using the yeast model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe ARC039, and then determine its photoprotective properties. This study began with the identification of two black-pigmented actinomycete isolates morphologically (mycelial pigmentation and diffusible pigment production) and molecularly (16S rRNA gene analysis). The ability of actinomycetes to synthesize melanin pigment was confirmed by the detection of L-DOPA compound and tyrosinase enzyme activity in culture. Further production of melanin pigment by actinomycetes was carried out on medium with addition of L-tyrosine, then melanin was extracted by acid precipitation method. The melanin pigments obtained were then characterized for physicochemical properties (solubility, reaction to oxidants, precipitation properties), surface morphology (SEM), and pigment structure (UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR spectrometry, and 1H NMR). The melanin pigments were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals, their effect at the cellular level using S. pombe, and their cellular aspects by analysis of mitochondrial activity. In addition, the photoprotective properties of the melanin pigments were determined by Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values. Observation of macroscopic colony morphology and cells under the microscope showed that isolate NTB15 belonged to the genus Streptomyces and was identified as S. tendae based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, while isolate HV6 belonged to the genus Micromonospora and was identified as M. fulva. S. tendae NTB15 and M. fulva HV6 were able to synthesize extracellular melanin pigments on tyrosine broth production medium with L-tyrosine supplementation, as indicated by the change of medium color to solid black. The extracted extracellular melanin from S. tendae NTB15 and M. fulva HV6 is characterized as a coarse black powder. In addition, the characterization results of physicochemical properties, surface morphology (SEM), and pigment structure (UV-Vis, FT-IR, and 1H NMR absorption spectra) showed that actinomycete melanin has similar properties to eumelanin. The results of antioxidant activity determination showed that M. fulva HV6 melanin had better in vitro DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities than S. tendae NTB15 melanin with IC50 values at concentrations of 31.55 µg/mL and 63.07 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, M. fulva HV6 melanin was able to confer resistance to S. pombe cells under oxidative stress conditions (2 mM H2O2) at lower concentrations than S. tendae NTB15 melanin, and at a concentration of 240 µg/mL could maintain yeast cell viability better than 20 µg/mL L-ascorbic acid and comparable to calorie restriction (CR) conditions. Melanin pigment also stimulated S. pombe's defense response system against oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial activity and inducing stress tolerance through the process of mitochondrial adaptive ROS signaling (MARS), as occurs under CR conditions. In addition, the determination of photoprotective properties showed that S. tendae NTB15 and M. fulva HV6 melanin had a protective effect against UVB rays with SPF values of 12.69 (low) and 20.78 (medium) at a concentration of 125 µg/mL, respectively.-
dc.description.sponsorshipnull-
dc.language.isoid-
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titlePigmen Melanin Aktinomiset yang Berpotensi sebagai Antioksidanid
dc.title.alternativeMelanin Pigments Produced by Actinomycetes as a Potential Source of Antioxidants-
dc.typeTesis-
dc.subject.keywordaktinomisetid
dc.subject.keywordAntioksidanid
dc.subject.keywordmelaninid
dc.subject.keywordpigmenid
dc.subject.keywordSchizosaccharomyces pombeid
Appears in Collections:MT - Mathematics and Natural Science

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