Strategi Pencegahan Penurunan Mutu Ikan Tongkol di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Tegalsari, Tegal

Abstract

Penanganan pasca penangkapan yang buruk dapat meningkatkan kandungan histamin pada ikan tongkol melebihi batas toksik, sehingga dikhawatirkan dapat membahayakan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penanganan ikan tongkol, mengidentifikasi mutu ikan tongkol, menganalisis faktor penyebab penurunan mutu ikan tongkol, serta merumuskan strategi pencegahan penurunan mutu ikan tongkol. Data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, dan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan analisis organoleptik untuk mengidentifikasi mutu ikan tongkol, serta analisis diagram fishbone untuk menentukan faktor penyebab penurunan mutu ikan tongkol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanganan ikan tongkol di PPP Tegalsari belum memenuhi persyaratan jaminan mutu, sehingga menyebabkan menurunnya mutu ikan tongkol pada rantai terakhir penanganan ikan tongkol, yaitu di depot ikan. Penyebab penurunan mutu ikan tongkol diidentifikasi berdasarkan lima aspek, yaitu tenaga kerja, metode, material, sarana, dan lingkungan. Dari kelima aspek tersebut, dihasilkan sebelas faktor penyebab penurunan mutu ikan tongkol. Dari sebelas faktor tersebut, terdapat sepuluh rumusan strategi pencegahan penurunan mutu ikan tongkol, meliputi pelatihan dan penyuluhan CPIB, pengawasan aktivitas penanganan ikan, penerapan good fish handling, pengadaan aliran air bersih, pelayanan es, pembersihan area penanganan ikan, penggunaan atap atau penutup, pengadaan sarana distribusi yang layak, penyuluhan kepada paguyuban buruh angkut, serta pengadaan, perbaikan, dan perawatan peralatan penanganan ikan.

Poor post-harvest handling can increase histamine levels in skipjack tuna beyond toxic limits, posing a potential risk to consumers. This study aims to describe the handling of skipjack tuna, identify its quality, analyze the factors causing the decline in skipjack tuna quality, and formulate strategies to prevent this decline. Data for this study were collected through direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires, and then analyzed descriptively using organoleptic analysis to identify skipjack tuna quality, and fishbone diagram analysis to determine the factors causing the decline in skipjack tuna quality. The study shows that the handling of skipjack tuna at Tegalsari Coastal Fishing Port does not meet quality assurance requirements, leading to a decline in skipjack tuna quality at the final stage of handling, specifically at the fish depot. The causes of the decline in skipjack tuna quality were identified based on five aspects: man, methods, materials, machine, and environment. From these five aspects, eleven factors causing the decline in skipjack tuna quality were identified. Based on these eleven factors, ten strategies were formulated to prevent the decline in skipjack tuna quality, including good fish handling training and counseling, monitoring fish handling activities, implementing good fish handling practices, providing clean water supply, establishing an ice service program, cleaning the fish handling area, using covers/shades, providing proper distribution facilities, educating the labor union, and procuring, repairing, and maintaining fish handling equipment.