Karakteristik Papan Partikel Kelobot Jagung Berperekat Kitosan Larut Air dan Asam Sitrat: Pengaruh Kerapatan dan Ketebalan Papan

Abstract

Keterbatasan bahan baku industri perkayuan mendorong pemanfaatan material berlignoselulosa, kelobot jagung sebagai bahan pengganti kayu, seperti papan partikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh variasi kerapatan dan ketebalan terhadap sifat fisik, mekanik, akustik, dan termal papan partikel dengan perekat campuran kitosan larut air dan asam sitrat 15%. Papan memiliki variasi kerapatan (0,6 dan 0,8 g/cm3) dan variasi ketebalan (3, 6, dan 9 mm). Ukuran partikel kelobot jagung 4-14 mesh. Papan berukuran 25×25 cm diproduksi menggunakan kempa panas dengan suhu 180°C dan tekanan 5 MPa (3 mm) dan 10 MPa (6 dan 9 mm) selama 15 menit. Hasil uji kerapatan sebesar 0,65-0,84 g/cm3, kadar air 3,14-13,04%, pengembangan tebal 59,08-113,92%, daya serap air 78,18-180,74%, MOE 4029-7005 kgf/cm2, MOR 53-146 kgf/cm2, IB 0,71-6,67 kgf/cm2, SHP 42,34-103,44 kgf. Koefisien absorpsi suara (α) pada uji akustik sudah memenuhi standar ISO 11654 dan termasuk ke dalam kelas D untuk serapan normal. Papan partikel bersifat isolator panas dengan nilai KT 0,16-0,21 W/m.K. Uji wettability papan bersifat hidrofilik dengan sudut kontak 65°-89°. Variasi papan partikel kerapatan 0,8 g/cm3 dan ketebalan 6 mm menghasilkan kualitas terbaik sesuai standar SNI 03-2105-2006.

The limited raw materials of the wood industry encourage the use of lignocellulose materials, corn husk as a substitute for wood, such as particle board. This study aims to determine the effect of density and thickness variations on the physical, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal properties of particle board with a mixture 15% of water soluble chitosan and citric acid. Boards have density variations (0.6 and 0.8 g/cm3) and thickness variations (3, 6, and 9 mm). The particle size of corn husk is 4-14 mesh. The 25×25 cm board is manufactured using a hydraulic hot press with a temperature of 180°C and pressures of 5 MPa (3 mm) and 10 MPa (6 and 9 mm) for 15 minutes. Test results of density 0.65-0.84 g/cm3, moisture content 3.14-13.04%, thickness swelling 59.08-113.92%, water absorption 78.18-180.74%, MOE 4029-7005 kgf/cm2, MOR 53-146 kgf/cm2, IB 0.71-6.67 kgf/cm2, SHP 42.34-103.44 kgf. The sound absorption coefficient (α) in the acoustic test has fulfilled the requirement of ISO 11654 standards and is included in class D for normal absorption. Particle board is a heat insulator with a KT value of 0.16-0.21 W/m.K. The board wettability test is hydrophilic with a contact angle of 65°-89°. Particle board variations of 0.8 g/cm3 density and 6 mm thickness produce the best quality according to SNI 03-2105-2006 standards.