Formulasi, Life Cycle Assessment, dan Neraca Energi dari Produksi Bahan Bakar Terbarukan Menggunakan Proses Ko-pirolisis

Abstract

Ko-pirolisis merupakan proses pirolisis yang melibatkan dua atau lebih bahan baku. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku limbah teh dan ban. Ko-pirolisis memiliki keunggulan meningkatkan rendemen dan nilai kalor serta menurunkan kadar air bio-oil. Penelitian bertujuan menghasilkan formulasi bio-oil yang optimal, mengetahui potensi hasil samping produksi bio-oil (biochar), dampak lingkungan, efektivitas energi, dan rekomendasi perbaikan. Metode penelitian terdiri dari tiga analisis, yakni distribusi produk, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), dan neraca energi. Analisis distribusi produk meliputi karakteristik bio-oil dan biochar. LCA menggunakan karakterisasi Recipe 2016 Midpoint (H) khususnya Global Warming Potential (GWP). Analisis neraca energi memperhitungkan Net Energy Value (NEV) dan Net Energy Ratio (NER). Hasil dari penelitian, formulasi bio-oil yang optimal adalah S1 (25% teh: 75% ban dan penambahan bentonit 10% pada 600 ℃) dengan rendemen 22,70%; pH 6,69; densitas 1,014 g.mL-1; kandungan kimia terbanyak propanal, waktu pembakaran tertinggi 554 ℃, dan daya nyala 1 – 2 s. Selain itu, biochar yang berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar adalah S6 (75% teh: 25% ban dan penambahan bentonit 10% pada 400 ℃) dengan luas permukaan terendah 31,18 m2.g-1. GWP yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini sebesar 2,6171 kg CO2 eq dengan hotspot energi listrik saat mengoperasikan oven dan reaktor. NEV dan NER yang diperoleh sebesar -1230,55 MJ/kg dan 0,039.

Co-pyrolysis is a pyrolysis process that includes two or more source materials. This study employs raw materials for tea and tire waste. Co-pyrolysis has the benefit of improving production and calorific value while lowering moisture content in bio-oil. The objectives of this research are to develop appropriate bio-oil formulations, identify probable byproducts of bio-oil (biochar) production, assess environmental impact, energy efficacy, and provide recommendations for improvements. The research method consists of three analyses: product distribution, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and energy balancing. The product distribution research includes bio-oil and biochar characteristics. LCA relies on the characterization of Recipe 2016 Midpoint (H), particularly Global Warming Potential (GWP). Energy balancing research considers Net Energy Value (NEV) and Net Energy Ratio (NER). According to the findings, the best bio-oil formulation is S1 (25% tea, 75% tire, and 10% bentonite addition at 600 °C) with a yield of 22.70%, pH 6.69, density 1.014 g.mL-1, the greatest chemical content of propanal, the highest combustion duration of 554 °C, and flame power of 1 - 2 s. Furthermore, biochar's fuel potential is S6 (75% tea, 25% tire, and 10% bentonite addition at 400 °C), with the lowest surface area of 31.18 m2.g-1. The GWP from this research was 2.6171 kg CO2 eq, with hotspots being electrical energy used to operate ovens and reactors. NEV and NER values obtained were -1230.55 MJ/kg and 0.039, respectively.