Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/152608
Title: Tingkat Populasi Tikus dan Kerusakan yang Ditimbulkannya pada Tanaman Padi dengan Sistem Pengairan Berbeda di Kabupaten Wajo, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Other Titles: Rat Population Level and Its Damage to Rice Crops With Different Irrigation Systems in Wajo District, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Priyambodo, Swastiko
Hindayana, Dadan
Haddina, Ummu HM
Issue Date: 2024
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Daerah penghasil beras di Indonesia salah satunya adalah Sulawesi Selatan. Kabupaten Wajo menjadi daerah penghasil beras tertinggi ke-dua di Sulawesi Selatan, setelah Bone. Berdasarkan sistem pengairan, pertanaman padi di Wajo terdiri atas irigasi teknis, sawah tadah hujan, dan padi ladang atau lahan kering. Pertanian dengan berbagai sistem pengairan ini memberi dampak terhadap tingkat populasi hama dan intensitas serangannya. Penurunan produktivitas padi disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah serangan tikus sawah yang terjadi di beberapa wilayah di Kabupaten Wajo. Ada beberapa teknik dan strategi manajemen tikus sawah, mulai dari sanitasi, kultur teknis atau budi daya tanaman, fisik mekanis, hayati, dan kimiawi. Keseluruhan teknik dan strategi manajemen tikus ini harus diterapkan secara terpadu, kontinyu, dan bersama-sama dalam satu hamparan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur potensi kehadiran tikus sawah pada beberapa sistem pengairan padi yaitu irigasi, tadah hujan, dan lahan kering di Kabupaten Wajo, menganalisis manajemen tikus sawah yang dilakukan oleh petani, dan faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu estimasi tingkat populasi tikus dengan perangkap hidup tunggal dan tingkat serangannya di berbagai fase pertumbuhan tanaman padi pada beberapa sistem pengairan. Demikian juga dengan manajemen populasi tikus sawah pada beberapa sistem pengairan, analisis data, dan analisis ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat populasi tikus tertinggi pada lahan kering (38 ± 18 ekor). Intensitas serangan tikus yang tertinggi didapat pada lahan tadah hujan (19,73%) dan saat fase generatif awal tanaman padi (15,66%). Interaksinya didapat pada lahan tadah hujan dan fase generatif awal (29,39%). Luas serangan tikus yang tertinggi didapat pada lahan tadah hujan (67,67%) dan fase generatif akhir tanaman padi (67,61%). Interaksinya didapat pada lahan tadah hujan dan fase generatif awal (91,11%). Keberhasilan pemerangkapan tikus pada tanaman padi yang tertinggi terjadi pada lahan kering (16,30%) dan fase generatif awal (16,48%). Dalam manajemen populasi tikus, petani padi pada lahan kering dan iritasi lebih memerhatikan aspek budi daya tanamannya dibandingkan petani pada tadah hujan. Pengendalian tikus pada padi lahan kering lebih intens dilakukan dengan cara sanitasi atau pengendalian gulma, sehingga menghasilkan keuntungan bersih yang tertinggi.
South Sulawesi Province is the highest rice producing region after Java. Wajo Regency is the second rice producing area in South Sulawesi, after Bone. Based on the irrigation system, rice cultivation in Wajo Regency consists of technical irrigation, rain fed rice fields, and dry land rice fields. Agriculture with various irrigation systems has an impact on pest population levels and the intensity of attacks. The decline in rice productivity is caused by several factors, one of which is the attack of rice rat pests in several areas in Wajo Regency. Several techniques and strategies for rice field rat management are sanitation, technical culture or plant cultivation, physical-mechanical, biological, and chemical. All techniques and strategies for rice rat management must be applied in an integrated, continuous, and simultaneously in one area. This study aims to measure the potential damage of rice rats in several irrigation systems with various phases of rice plant growth in Wajo Regency, analyze the management of rice rats carried out by farmers, and the factors that affect it. The method used is observing rice planting patterns based on irrigation systems, estimating the population level of rice rats with a single live trap, and the level of area and intensity attack. Likewise with rice field rat population management and data analysis. The results of this study showed that the highest rat population level on dry land, that is 38 ± 18 rats. The highest intensity of rat infestation on rice crops was obtained on rain fed land, that is 19.73% and the early generative phase of rice plants, that is 15.66%. The interaction was obtained on rain fed land and early generative phase, that is 29.39%. The highest area of rat infestation on rice plants was obtained on rain fed land, i.e. 67.67% and the late generative phase of rice plants, i.e. 67.61%. The interaction was obtained in rain fed land and early generative phase, i.e. 91.11%. Trapping success of rats on rice plants was highest in dry land, that is 16.30% and early generative phase, that is 16.48%. In management of rat populations, farmers on dry land and irrigation pay more attention to aspects of cultivation than rain fed farmers. Farmers in dry land more intense control of rats by sanitation or weed control in the field, therefore they get the highest profit.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/152608
Appears in Collections:MT - Professional Master

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Ummu Haddina HM_A3501211003.pdf
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Lampiran.pdf
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