Keanekaragaman Fauna Tanah pada Lahan Agroforestri Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak

Abstract

Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS) merupakan area konservasi yang melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan lahan dengan sistem agroforestri. Keberadaan fauna tanah di lahan agroforestri diperlukan sebagai indikator kesuburan tanah. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman fauna tanah, menganalisis pengaruh kerapatan vegetasi serta hubungan faktor lingkungan terhadap keanekaragaman fauna tanah di lahan agroforestri TNGHS. Metode pengambilan sampel fauna tanah dengan pitfall trap. Analisis data dengan mengukur kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman (H’), kekayaan (DMg) dan kemerataan (E) spesies, uji t paired dan korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 15 ordo dan 32 famili dengan famili Formicidae (Hymenoptera) paling banyak ditemukan. Indeks H’ dan DMg pada kerapatan tinggi lebih besar (0,72 dan 3,28) dibandingkan dengan kerapatan sedang (0,63 dan 2,95). Indeks E pada kedua kerapatan tergolong rendah dan menunjukkan adanya dominansi dari famili Formicidae. Hasil uji t paired menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kerapatan tinggi dan sedang. Keanekaragaman fauna tanah berkorelasi sangat rendah dengan pH tanah, respirasi, dan intensitas cahaya. Sementara dengan ketebalan serasah korelasinya rendah, dan dengan suhu tanah korelasinya sedang.

Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) is a conservation area that involves communities in land management with agroforestry systems. The presence of soil fauna in agroforestry land is needed as an indicator of soil fertility. The study aims to identify the diversity of soil fauna, analyze the effect of vegetation density and the relationship of environmental factors on soil fauna diversity in agroforestry land TNGHS. The method of sampling soil fauna with pitfall traps. Data analysis by measuring the abundance, diversity index (H'), richness (DMg) and evenness (E) of species, paired t test and Pearson correlation. The results of study found 15 orders and 32 families with Formicidae family (Hymenoptera) found the most. The H' and DMg indices at high density were greater (0.72 and 3.28) than those at medium density (0.63 and 2.95). The E index in both densities was low and indicated the dominance of Formicidae family. The paired t test results showed no significant difference between high and medium densities. Soil fauna diversity was very lowly correlated with soil pH, respiration, and light intensity. While with litter thickness the correlation is low, and with soil temperature the correlation is moderate.