Keanekaragaman Arthropoda Tanah di Zona Rehabilitasi Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak

Abstract

Arthropoda tanah merupakan salah satu faktor penentu dari kesuburan tanah dan kehadirannya memiliki peranan penting terhadap ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Zona Rehabilitasi, Resort Gunung Kendeng, Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman, menganalisis pengaruh kerapatan vegetasi dan menganalisis pengaruh kondisi lingkungan terhadap keanekaragaman Arthropoda tanah di Zona Rehabilitasi TNGHS. Sampel Arthropoda tanah diambil pada petak pengamatan 50 m x 50 m sebanyak 14 petak pengamatan. Sub petak pengamatan ditempatkan sebanyak 9 kali ulangan secara acak pada tiap petak pengamatan. Pengambilan sampel tanah dan pengukuran faktor lingkungan dilakukan pada sub petak pengamatan berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm sebanyak tiga kali ulangan tiap petak pengamatan. Didapatkan 24 famili Arthropoda tanah yang berasal dari 13 ordo yang berbeda. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) antara dua kerapatan vegetasi tidak berbeda nyata, pada kerapatan vegetasi tinggi didapatkan H’ 0,80 dan pada kerapatan sedang H’ 0,73. Hubungan keanekaragaman Arthropoda dengan faktor edafis seperti respirasi tanah yaitu berbanding terbalik, sedangkan pH tanah dan ketebalan serasah menunjukkan hubungan yang berbanding lurus. Hubungan faktor klimatis dengan keanekaragaman Arthropoda pada kerapatan vegetasi tinggi adalah berbanding lurus, sedangkan pada kerapatan vegetasi sedang menunjukkan hubungan yang berbanding terbalik.

Soil arthropod is one of the determining factors of soil fertility and have an important role in the ecosystem. The research was conducted in the Rehabilitation Zone, Gunung Kendeng Resort, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP). The purpose of this study was to identify the diversity, analyze the effect of vegetation density, and analyze the effect of environmental conditions on soil arthropods in Rehabilitation Zone on GHSNP. Soil arthropod were collected from 50 m x 50 m with a total 14 observation plots. Sub- observation plots were placed 9 repetation in each plot. Soil sampling and environmental factor measurements were taken on 50 cm x 50 cm sub plot with 3 replications. There are 24 families of soil arthropods were obtained from 13 different orders. The index of diversity (H’) between two vegetation densities was not significant, with H’ values 0,80 for hight vegetation density and 0,73 for moderate vegetation density. The relationship between diversity of soil arthropod and edaphic factors such as soil respiration showed an negatively correlation, while pH and soil pH showed a positively correlation. The relationship between climatic factors at high vegetation density showed a linear relation, while at moderate vegetation density showed an inverse relation.