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Title: | Kajian Keberlanjutan Wilayah Perkotaan Pantura Jawa ditinjau dari Fenomena Penurunan Muka Tanah |
Other Titles: | Sustainability Study of the Pantura Jawa Urban Area on the Phenomenon of Land Subsidence |
Authors: | Pravitasari, Andrea Emma Widodo, Joko Handika, Rendi |
Issue Date: | 2024 |
Publisher: | IPB University |
Abstract: | Proses urbanisasi dan perkembangan perekonomian Pulau Jawa sebagian
besar di kota Pantai Utara Jawa (Pantura Jawa), akibatnya menimbulkan dampak
kerusakan lingkungan samakin parah. Salah satu kerusakan lingkungan di Pantura
Jawa adalah rentan terhadap penurunan muka tanah yang diakibatkan oleh aktivitas
alam maupun manusia. Penurunan muka tanah terjadi di kota Pantura Jawa dimana
penurunan tertinggi terjadi di Jakarta, Pekalongan, dan Semarang. Dampak
permasalahan ini adalah retaknya bangunan dan infrastruktur serta perluasan daerah
banjir rob, sehingga mengganggu aktivitas masyarakat. Untuk itu sangatlah penting
menyelidiki penurunan muka tanah dan faktor penyebabnya, serta menyusun
strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai status
keberlanjutan wilayah Pantura Jawa terhadap fenomena penurunan muka tanah
berdasarkan laju penurunan tanah, identifikasi faktor penyebab, serta penilaian
aspek keberlanjutan. Hasil penilaian status keberlanjutan menghasilkan
rekomendasi strategi terhadap fenomena penurunan muka tanah.
Metode yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan laju penurunan muka tanah
adalah Permanent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR)
dengan data radar Sentinel-1A. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi
faktor kunci penyebab penurunan muka tanah adalah Matrix of Cross Impact
Multiplications Applied to a Classification (MICMAC). Selanjutnya untuk menilai
status keberlanjutan menggunakan metode Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis
(MSA) dengan inputan data tiga aspek utama pembangunan berkelanjutan yaitu
aspek ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial. Untuk rekomendasi strategi keberlanjutan
diperoleh dari hasil analisis penilaian aspek keberlanjutan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga kota Pantura Jawa masih
mengalami penurunan muka tanah dengan nilai rata-rata di Jakarta sebesar -5,64
cm/tahun, Semarang -4,48 cm/tahun, dan Pekalongan -4,26 cm/tahun. Faktor kunci
yang menyebabkan penurunan muka tanah adalah ekploitasi air tanah berlebihan
dan konsolidasi alami tanah aluvial. Hasil penilaian status keberlanjutan di tiga kota
Pantura Jawa, menghasilkan nilai indeks dibawah 50% di masing-masing kota yang
termasuk kategori kurang berkelanjutan. Dari penilaian menghasilkan faktor
pengungkit yang menjadi dasar rekomendasi strategi di setiap kota. Untuk wilayah
Jakarta adalah peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas ruang terbuka hijau, penataan
kawasan peruntukan industri, dan penyediaan air bersih rumah tangga dan industri.
Di Pekalongan, strategi penerapan sumur resapan serta penyediaan pasokan air
permukaan untuk penduduk, sedangkan di wilayah Semarang adalah rehabilitasi
dan konservasi mangrove, pembangunan struktur tanggul dan bendungan, dan
pengawasan sumberdaya air tanah. Strategi-strategi tersebut sebagai upaya
menyusun langkah adaptasi dan mitigasi yang komprehensif dan efektif. The process of urbanization and economic development on the island of Java is mostly in the cities of the North Coast of Java (Pantura Jawa), resulting in increasingly severe environmental damage. One of the environmental damages in Pantura Jawa is that it is susceptible to land subsidence, which is caused by natural and human activities. Land subsidence occurred in the city of Pantura Jawa, where the highest subsidence occurred in Jakarta, Pekalongan and Semarang. The impact of this problem is the cracking of buildings and infrastructure as well as the expansion of tidal flood areas, thus disrupting community activities. For this reason, it is very important to investigate land subsidence and its causes, as well as develop adaptation and mitigation strategies. The aim of this research is to assess the sustainability status of the Pantura Jawa region regarding the phenomenon of land subsidence based on the rate of subsidence, identification of causal factors, and assessment of sustainability aspects. The sustainability assessment produces strategic recommendations regarding the phenomenon of land subsidence. The method used to obtain the rate of land subsidence was Permanent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) with Sentinel-1A radar data. The method used to identify key factors causing land subsidence was the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification (MICMAC). Next, to assess sustainability status, used the Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) method with data input on three main aspects of sustainable development, namely ecological, economic and social aspects. Meanwhile, recommendations for sustainability strategies are obtained from the results of the analysis of sustainability aspect assessments. The research results show that the three Javanese Pantura cities are still experiencing land subsidence with an average value in Jakarta of -5.64 cm/year, Semarang -4.48 cm/year, and Pekalongan -4.26 cm/year. The key factors causing land subsidence are excessive groundwater exploitation and natural consolidation of alluvial soil. The results of the assessment of sustainability status in three cities in Pantura Java resulted in an index value below 50% in each city which was included in the less sustainable category. The assessment produces leverage factors that become the basis for strategy recommendations in each city. For the Jakarta area, this is increasing the quantity and quality of green open space, structuring industrial areas, and providing clean water for households and industry. In Pekalongan, the strategy is to implement infiltration wells and provide surface water supplies for residents, while in the Semarang area it is rehabilitation and conservation of mangroves, construction of embankments and dam structures, and monitoring of groundwater resources. These strategies are an effort to develop comprehensive and effective adaptation and mitigation measures. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/142451 |
Appears in Collections: | MT - Multidiciplinary Program |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cover, Lembar Pengesahan, Prakata Daftar Isi.pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 9.02 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
P05022110021_Rendi Handika.pdf Restricted Access | Fullteks | 7.74 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Lampiran.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 7.74 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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