Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/141996
Title: Kajian Sifat Penghambatan Sel Kanker oleh Bakteri Asam Laktat L. plantarum IIA-1A5 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 serta Aplikasinya pada Susu Fermentasi
Other Titles: Study of Cancer Cell Inhibition Characteristics by Lactic Acid Bacteria L. plantarum IIA-1A5 and L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 and Their Application in Fermented Milk
Authors: Arief, Irma Isnafia
Budiman, Cahyo
Abidin, Zaenal
Adiyoga, Reza
Issue Date: 27-Feb-2024
Publisher: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstract: Kanker merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling banyak didiagnosis dan mematikan di seluruh dunia. Pengobatan dan terapi kanker konvensional masih memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang tidak menentu dan beragam efek samping yang merugikan. Hal ini menjadi alasan akan pentingnya pengembangan pangan sehat fungsional sebagai pendamping pengobatan kanker secara kuratif maupun sebagai pangan sehari-hari untuk fungsi preventif. Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) probiotik diketahui memiliki sifat fungsional sebagai antikanker. Dua strain BAL indigenus asal Indonesia, Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 dan Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4, telah menunjukkan karakteristik probiotik berdasarkan pengujian in vivo dan in vitro. Namun, studi mengenai potensi antikanker dari kedua strain bakteri tersebut masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antikanker dari kedua strain tersebut, kandungan komponen bioaktif dan mekanisme antikankernya, serta potensi antikanker dari produk olahannya. Penelitian ini ini terdiri dari empat tahapan. Tahapan pertama meliputi pengujian aktivitas antikanker L. plantarum IIA-1A5 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. Ekstrak fraksi intraseluler dan ekstraseluler dari kedua bakteri probiotik pada level konsentrasi 0, 15, 50, 100, dan 200 µg/mL diujikan secara in vitro terhadap sel kanker WiDr dan MCF-7. Hasil pengujian mengindikasikan bahwa seluruh ekstrak bakteri probiotik indigenus memiliki potensi antikanker. Ekstrak fraksi intraseluler L. plantarum IIA-1A5 menunjukkan kemampuan antikanker yang terbaik. Penelitian tahap kedua berupa analisis profil senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak fraksi intraseluler dan ekstraseluler L. plantarum IIA-1A5 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. Penelitian terhadap profil komponen asam lemak, asam amino, dan senyawa volatil bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi komponen tersebut terhadap performa antikanker. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada komponen asam lemak dan senyawa volatil dari seluruh jenis ekstrak, sedangkan sebagian besar perbedaan pada komponen asam amino disebebkan oleh jenis fraksi ekstrak (intraseluler dan ekstraseluler) dan tidak berbeda antar jenis bakteri. Variasi komponen bioaktif dari ekstrak bakteri probiotik diduga berperan dalam perbedaan performa antikanker. Identifikasi gen slp (surface layer protein) yang dilakukan pada penelitian tahap ketiga bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme penghambatan sel kanker oleh bakteri probiotik. Sebanyak lima kandidat gen slp dari strain dengan aktivitas antikanker terbaik, L. plantarum IIA-1A5, berhasil didapatkan dari penelitian ini. Analisis sekuens nukleotida menunjukkan kemiripan sebesar 37,17-39,56% dibandingkan dengan gen slp Lactobacillus lainnya. Variasi pada sekuens nukleotida gen slp dari genus Lactobacillus diketahui bergantung pada jenis strain. Tahapan terakhir penelitian adalah pengembangan susu fermentasi antikanker berbasis bakteri probiotik. Susu fermentasi berhasil diformulasi dengan 10% bakteri L. plantarum IIA-1A5 atau L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. Pengujian kualitas menunjukkan bahwa seluruh susu fermentasi layak untuk dikonsumsi karena sudah memenuhi standar SNI. Pengujian antikanker secara in vitro terhadap sel kanker WiDr dan MCF-7 menunjukkan bahwa seluruh ekstrak susu fermentasi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan kedua jenis sel kanker. Secara keseluruhan, ekstrak L. plantarum IIA-1A5 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 memiliki aktivitas antikanker in vitro terhadap sel kanker WiDr dan MCF-7. Perbedaan yang signifikan pada komponen asam lemak, asam amino, dan senyawa volatil diduga bertanggungjawab atas variasi aktivitas antikanker. Bakteri L. plantarum IIA-1A5 diketahui memiliki gen penyandi slp dengan kemiripan sebesar 37,17-39,56 % dibandingkan dengan gen slp asal strain Lactobacillus lainnya. Susu fermentasi L. plantarum IIA-1A5 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 layak untuk dikonsumsi karena sudah sesuai dengan standar mutu SNI dan terbukti memiliki aktivitas antikanker terhadap sel kanker WiDr dan MCF-7.
Cancer is one of the most diagnosed and deadly diseases worldwide. Conventional cancer treatments and therapies still have uncertain success rates and various harmful side effects. This serves as a reason for the importance of developing functional healthy foods as a complement to curative cancer treatment and as daily nutrition for preventive purposes. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to possess anticancer properties. Two indigenous LAB strains from Indonesia, Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 and Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4, have exhibited probiotic characteristics based on in vivo and in vitro tests. However, studies regarding the anticancer potential of these bacterial strains are still very limited. This research aims to analyze the anticancer activity of both strains, the content of bioactive components and their anticancer mechanisms, as well as the anticancer potential of their processed products. This research was comprised of four stages. The first stage involved the testing of the anticancer activity of L. plantarum IIA-1A5 and L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. Intracellular and extracellular fraction extracts of both probiotic bacteria were analyzed in vitro against WiDr and MCF-7 cancer cells at concentrations of 0, 15, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL. The results indicated that all indigenous probiotic bacterial extracts possessed anticancer potential. The best anticancer ability was exhibited by the intracellular fraction extract of L. plantarum IIA-1A5. The second stage of the research involved the analysis of bioactive compounds profiles from intracellular and extracellular fraction extracts of L. plantarum IIA-1A5 and L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. The study of fatty acids, amino acids, and volatile compounds profiles aimed to analyze the influence of these components on anticancer performance. The results indicated that there are significant differences in fatty acid and volatile compound components among all types of extracts, while most differences in amino acid components are attributed to the type of extract fraction (intracellular and extracellular) and do not vary among bacterial types. Variations in bioactive components of probiotic bacterial extracts are suspected to be responsible for the differences in anticancer performance. The third stage of the research involved the identification of slp (surface layer protein) genes and aimed to analyze the mechanism of cancer cell inhibition by probiotic bacteria. A total of five slp gene candidates from the strain with the best anticancer activity, L. plantarum IIA-1A5, were successfully obtained from this study. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that there is a 37.17-39.56% similarity compared to other Lactobacillus slp genes. Variations in the nucleotide sequences of slp genes from the genus Lactobacillus are known to be strain dependent. The final stage of the research involves the development of fermented milk using probiotic bacteria. Fermented milks were successfully formulated with 10% L. plantarum IIA-1A5 or L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. Quality testing indicated that all fermented milks were suitable for consumption as they meet the SNI standards. In vitro anticancer testing against WiDr and MCF-7 cancer cells showed that the growth of both types of cancer cells is inhibited by all fermented milk extracts. Overall, the extracts of L. plantarum IIA-1A5 and L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 demonstrated in vitro anticancer activities against WiDr and MCF-7 cancer cells. Significant differences in fatty acid components, amino acids, and volatile compounds are suspected to be responsible for the variation in anticancer activities. The bacterium L. plantarum IIA-1A5 is known to have the slp encoding gene with a similarity of 37.17-39.56% compared to the slp gene from other Lactobacillus strains. Milk fermented with either L. plantarum IIA-1A5 or L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 is suitable for consumption as it meets the quality standards of SNI and has proven anticancer activities against WiDr and MCF-7 cancer cells.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/141996
Appears in Collections:DT - Animal Science

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