Dinamika Armada Purse Seine Pelagis Kecil Menggunakan Satelit VIIRS, VMS, dan Ocean Color di Laut Halmahera

Abstract

Potensi sumber daya perikanan dan kelautan di Perairan Halmahera Utara mengalami penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas dikarenakan kegiatan eksploitasi berlebihan sehingga berakibat pada fishing ground semakin menjauh yang berdampak pada operasional penangkapan dari segi waktu dan biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan sebaran suhu permukaan laut (SPL), klorofil-a, serta korelasinya dengan aktivitas kapal pelagis kecil melalui data VIIRS boat detection (VBD), vessel monitoring system (VMS, dan log book di Perairan Halmahera Utara. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan data akitivitas kapal pelagis kecil berupa VBD, VMS, dan log book serta data satelit Aqua MODIS yakni klorofil-a dan SPL. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu spasial overlay dan deskriptif korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan SPL berkisar 26,14-33,76 °C dan klorofil-a 0,01-0,9 mg/m3 di Perairan Halmahera Utara selama tahun 2021. Perairan Halmahera Utara mengalami fluktuasi SPL yaitu Desember-April (dingin), Mei-Juni (hangat), Juli- September (dingin), Oktober-November (hangat). Klorofil-a di lepas pantai konsisten oligotrofik, sedangkan berfluktuasi (0,12-0,9 mg/m3) di pesisir. Dinamika aktivitas kapal pelagis kecil berkorelasi positif dengan klorofil-a, Namun tidak signifikan pada SPL karena dipengaruhi Warm Pool (>29 °C). Musim puncak penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil terjadi saat musim timur akibat adanya upwelling disebabkan angin selatan. Migrasi pelagis kecil yang dekat mengakibatkan sedikitnya aktivitas kapal ikan pelagis kecil di sekitar Halmahera Eddy.

The fisheries and marine resources potential in North Halmahera Waters has experienced a decline in both quality and quantity due to over-exploitation activities. This has led to fishing grounds moving farther away, impacting fishing operations in terms of time and cost. This study aims to analyze the distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a, along with their correlation with small pelagic vessel activity in North Halmahera Waters. The research employs data from small pelagic vessel activities, including VIIRS boat detection (VBD), vessel monitoring system (VMS), log books, and Aqua MODIS satellite data for chlorophyll-a and SST. Spatial overlay and descriptive correlation analyses were utilized. The findings indicate that SST in North Halmahera Waters ranged from 26.14 to 33.76 °C, and chlorophyll-a levels varied from 0.01 to 0.9 mg/m3 in 2021. Small pelagic vessel activity in the area exhibited fluctuations, categorized into cool (December-April, July-September) and warm (May-June, October-November) seasons. Chlorophyll-a offshore consistently demonstrated oligotrophic conditions, while coastal areas exhibited fluctuating levels (0.12-0.9 mg/m3). The dynamics of small pelagic vessel activity correlated positively with chlorophyll-a but were not significant about SST due to the influence of the Warm Pool (>29 °C). The peak season for small pelagic fishing coincides with the eastern season, driven by upwelling caused by southerly winds. Notably, there is minimal small pelagic fishing vessel activity around Halmahera Eddy.