Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/137391
Title: Analisis Hara dari Dekomposisi Pangkasan Tumbuhan Bawah Tanaman Kelapa pada Lahan Gambut dengan Lisimeter
Other Titles: Nutrient Analysis of the Decomposition of Coconut Undergrowth Pruning in Peatland with a Lysimeter
Authors: Suwardi
Oktariani, Putri
Tenjaya, Michelle Christina
Issue Date: 2024
Abstract: Pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk lahan perkebunan kelapa berkelanjutan diperlukan pengelolaan lingkungan, seperti pemberian pupuk tepat dosis dan tepat waktu. PT Riau Sakti United Plantations (RSUP) sebuah perusahaan perkebunan kelapa pada lahan gambut di Pulau Burung, Provinsi Riau, tidak memberikan pupuk dan pestisida selama lebih dari 10 tahun. Guna memenuhi kebutuhan hara tanaman kelapa, PT RSUP menerapkan metode siklus hara dengan mengaplikasikan pangkasan tumbuhan bawah, seperti Nephrolepis, Dicliptera, dan Stenochlaena. Tumbuhan bawah dipangkas secara rutin 3-4 bulan sekali serta dibiarkan berada di atas permukaan tanah. Hara dari dekomposisi tumbuhan bawah dimanfaatkan oleh akar tanaman kelapa dan masuk ke dalam tanah. Namun, perlu diperhatikan bahwa sebagian hara dari dekomposisi tersebut dapat tercuci bersama air hujan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghitung jumlah hara K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, dan Mn dari proses dekomposisi pangkasan tumbuhan bawah yang tercuci bersama air hujan melalui 10 cm lapisan tanah gambut. Lisimeter dibuat dengan wadah berukuran 0,12 m2 dan ember 7 L sebagai penampung air hujan. Tanah gambut kedalaman 10 cm diletakkan di dalam wadah dan diberi pangkasan tumbuhan bawah sebanyak 300 gram basah di atasnya. Wadah ditaruh di atas permukaan tanah gambut yang telah digali dengan sebuah ember di dalam lubang galian tersebut. Pengamatan dan pencatatan deskripsi kualitatif dari intensitas hujan serta durasi hujan dilakukan setiap kali kejadian hujan selama 8 minggu dan air dari pencucian dianalisis haranya. Hara dari tumbuhan bawah memenuhi kapasitas tanah dan selebihnya akan tercuci dari lapisan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total hara K yang dilepaskan tumbuhan bawah tercuci melalui lapisan tanah gambut kedalaman 10 cm sebesar 90,9 kg/ha/tahun, sedangkan total hara Ca yang tercuci dari lapisan tanah sebanyak 9,4 kg/ha/tahun. Unsur hara Fe yang tercuci sebesar 1109,9 g/ha/tahun. Pencucian unsur Cu, Zn, dan Mn tidak terukur karena daun tumbuhan bawah mengandung sedikit unsur hara dan kuatnya pengikatan hara oleh bahan organik. Meskipun daun tumbuhan bawah mengandung hara Mg yang cukup, tapi unsur tersebut diikat gambut sehingga pencucian tidak terukur.
Utilizing peatlands for sustainable coconut plantations requires environmental management, such as applying fertilizers at the right dose and at the right time. PT Riau Sakti United Plantations (RSUP), a coconut plantation company on peatland in Pulau Burung, Riau Province, has not applied fertilizers and pesticides for more than 10 years. To fulfill the nutrient needs of coconut plants, PT RSUP applies nutrient cycling method by applying pruned undergrowth, such as Nephrolepis, Dicliptera, and Stenochlaena. The undergrowth is pruned regularly every 3-4 months and left above the soil surface. Nutrients from the decomposition of the undergrowth are utilized by the roots of the coconut plant and enter the soil. However, it should be noted that some of the nutrients from decomposition can be washed away with rainwater. The aim of this study was to calculate the amount of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn from the decomposition process of undergrowth prunings leached with rainwater through 10 cm of peat soil layer. A lysimeter was constructed with a 0.12 m2 container and a 7 L bucket to collect rainwater. Peat soil with a depth of 10 cm was placed in the container and 300 grams of wet undergrowth was placed on top. The container was placed on the surface of the digged peat soil with a bucket in the hole. Observations and records of qualitative descriptions of rainfall intensity and duration of rainfall were made after each rainfall event for 8 weeks and the leached water was analyzed for nutrients. Nutrients from the undergrowth filled the soil capacity and the excess was leached from the soil layer. He result showed that the total K nutrients released by the undergrowth leached through the peat soil layer at a depth of 10 cm was 90.9 kg/ha/year, while the total Ca nutrients leached from the soil layer was 9.4 kg/ha/year. The Fe nutrient leached amounted to 1109.9 g/ha/year. Cu nutrients were not leached because they were thought to be strongly fixed by soil organic matter. The leaching of Cu, Zn, and Mn was not measurable due to the undergrowth leaves containing few nutrients and the strong binding of nutrients by organic matter. Although the leaves of the undergrowth contained sufficient Mg nutrients, the element was bound by the peat so leaching was not measurable.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/137391
Appears in Collections:UT - Land Resource Management

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