Pengaruh sitokinin (TDZ) dan auksin (IAA dan NAA) terhadap multiplikasi nenas, Ananas comosus L. Merr. cv. Queen dalam perbanyakan kultur jaringan

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the effect of Cytokinin (TDZ) and Auxin (IAA and NAA) as growth regulators in shooting multiplication capacity of shoot base pineapple explant. This research was conducted in tissue culture laboratory at Tropical Fruits Study Center. IPB. Baranangsiang. Bogor. since January until September 2004. Planting material of 5-10 mm base shoot of third subculture Queen pincapple's planlet were cultured in shooting induction medium consisted of MS suplemented with Auxin (IAA and NAA) and TDZ in various concentrations. The experiment was set up in factorial design with two factors, Auxin (5 levels: 0 mg/1. 0.1 mg/l IAA, 0.01 mg/l IAA, 0.1 mg/I NAA and 0.01 mg/l NAA) and TDZ (6 levels: 1x10 mg/l. 1x10 mg/l, 1x10 mg/l, 1x10 mg/l, 1x10 mg/l and 1x10 mg/l). There were 30 combinations treatment. Each treatment was consist of 4 replicates, containing 6 explants per replicate, so that found 720 unit. After 20 weeks in shooting induction medium, explants were transferred to MSO medium for shooting multiplication. Each treatment was consist of 12 replicates. In shooting induction phase, the percentage and the the number of shoot. root. nodule and chap nodule were examined. After subculture to MS free medium, the number of axillar shoot, adventitious shoot and chap nodule were examined every weeks. The weight of nodule were examined in the first and last week of observation. Meanwhile. the number of shoot per gram nodule weight were also examined in the last week of observation. The data were statistically analyzed using completely randomized design and the means were compared with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) procedure at 5% level of significance. In the first week of the culture shoot induction medium. explants have shown its growing which marked with crosscut leaves elongation and new leaves formation. In almost treatments, shoot started to be formed at 2 weeks after culture (MST) and rooted at 3 MST. except for the treatments of TDZ at concentration 1x10 mg/l. which is combined with various Auxin concentrations. Explants grown in media supplemented with 1x10 mg/l. 1x105 mg/l, 1x10 mg/l. 1x10 mg/l TDZ in different concentrations of Auxin. initially responded by shoot and root formation with no nodules. There were little number of shoots (with amount of mean less than two) that formed in these culture medium by the end of perception week in both phases, shoot induction phase and shoot multiplication phase. Although the shoots cultured in media supplemented with low concentrations of TDZ (below 1x102 mg/l) were fewer in number. but the shoots were longer and have better quality than those formed in media supplemented with high level concentrations of TDZ (above 1x10 mg/) in the same perception week. Shoots became capable of rooting at combinations of 1x10- 1x10 mg/l TDZ with different concentrations of Auxin, but 1x10 mg/l without Auxin gave rise to the best rooting...dst