Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/135931
Title: Kajian Pelayuan Terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Minyak Serai Wangi Hasil Penyulingan
Other Titles: A Study on the Withering Effect on the Yield and Quality of Distilled Citronella Oil
Authors: Ahmad, Usman
Dentaka
Issue Date: 24-Jan-2024
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil minyak atsiri terbesar di dunia. Minyak atsiri adalah minyak beraroma khas dan bersifat mudah menguap (volatile), contohnya minyak nilam, minyak kenanga, minyak cengkeh, minyak kayu putih, minyak cendana, dan minyak serai wangi. Minyak serai wangi menjadi salah satu minyak atsiri yang menjadi komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh pelayuan daun serai wangi terhadap rendemen dan mutu minyak serai wangi yang meliputi densitas, indeks bias, kelarutan dalam etanol 80%, warna, dan kandungan total sitronelal geraniol hasil proses penyulingan minyak serai wangi. Bahan yang digunakan adalah daun serai wangi yang diperoleh dari kebun serai wangi milik PT Harmonis Permaculture yang terletak di desa Karacak kecamatan Leuwiliang, sebanyak 3 kg untuk tiap perlakuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu lama pelayuan dan lama penyulingan. Perlakuan pelayuan yang diterapkan yaitu dilayukan selama 1, 2, dan 3 hari. Perlakuan lama penyulingan yang digunakan yaitu penyulingan selama 2 dan 4 jam sejak destilat keluar dari kondensor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lama pelayuan dan penyulingan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,01) terhadap rendemen dan mutu minyak serai wangi. Hasil uji post-hoc Duncan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan rendemen dan mutu minyak yang signifikan secara statistik seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu pelayuan dan penyulingan. Hasil terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan pelayuan selama 3 hari dan lama penyulingan 4 jam dengan rendemen 1,14%, densitas 0,891 g/cm3, indeks bias 1,4694, kelarutan dalam etanol 80% 1:2, warna kuning, sitronelal 43,24% dan total geraniol 21,73%. Secara keseluruhan mutu minyak serai wangi yang dihasilkan sudah sesuai SNI 06-3953-1995 untuk kebutuhan ekspor.
Indonesia is one of the largest essential oil producing countries in the world. Essential oils are aromatic oils that are volatile, for example patchouli oil, kenanga oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, sandalwood oil, and citronella oil. Citronella oil is one of the essential oils which is Indonesia’s leading export commodity. This research aims to examine the effect of withering citronella leaves on the yield and quality of citronella oil which includes density, refractive index, solubility in 80% ethanol, color, and total citronellal geraniol content in the citronella oil as a result of distillation process. The sample used was 3 kg of citronella leaves obtained from PT Harmonis Permaculture located in Karacak village, Leuwiliang district for each treatment. This research used a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely duration of withering and distillation. The withering treatment applied was withering for 1, 2 and 3 days. The duration of distillation treatment used was distillation for 2 and 4 hours after the distillate came out from the condenser. The results showed that the duration of withering and distillation treatment had a significant effect (P < 0,01) on the yield and quality of citronella oil. Duncan's post hoc test results showed a statistically significant increase in oil yield and quality along with increasing withering and distillationduration. The best results were obtained from withering treatment for 3 days and distillation time of 4 hours with a yield of 1,14%, density 0,891 g/cm3, refractive index 1,4694, solubility in 80% ethanol 1:2, yellow color, citronellal 43,24% and total geraniol 21,73%. Overall, the quality of the citronella oil produced conforms to SNI 06-3953-1995 for export needs.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/135931
Appears in Collections:UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering

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