Faktor Virulensi dan Resistansi Antibiotik Bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae dari Peternakan Sapi perah di Kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Keberadaan gen faktor virulensi dan resistansi antibiotik K. pneumoniae dari peternakan sapi perah belum banyak dilaporkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor virulensi dan resistansi antibiotik Klebsiella pneumoniae dari isolat Peternakan Sapi Perah di Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction. Sebanyak 12 dari 32 isolat lapangan dikonfirmasi sebagai bakteri K. pneumoniae. Gen faktor virulensi K. pneumoniae: mrkD terdeteksi pada seluruh isolat (100%), entB dan wabG ditemukan pada seluruh sampel sumber air, tangan pemerah, dan swab ambing (100%) kecuali sampel dari air bilas ambing yang masing-masing mengkode gen faktor virulensi 60% dan 80%. Profil resistansi pada sampel sumber air: sefotaksim (100%), seftazidim, ampisilin, siprofloksasin, dan amoksisilin (50%). Hasil profil resistansi air bilasan ambing: amoksisilin, sefotaksim, ampisilin (100%), gentamisin, seftazidim (60%) siprofloksasin (40%) dan tetrasiklin (20%). Hasil profil resistansi swab tangan pemerah: amoksisilin, sefotaksim, ampisilin dan gentamisin (100%). Hasil profil resistansi swab ambing: ampisilin, amoksisilin (100%), sefotaksim (75%), seftazidim (50%), gentamisin dan siprofloksasin (25%). Deteksi gen resistansi pada sampel air mengkodekan gen blaTEM (100%), air bilasan ambing mengkodekan blaTEM (80%), blaSHV (20%), blaCTX-M (20%) dan swab ambing mengkodekan keberadaan gen blaTEM (40%). Semua sampel negatif terhadap gen tet(A), aac(3)-IV, qnrA, magA dan rmpA. Gen faktor virulensi yang ditemukan di peternakan sapi perah Kabupaten Enrekang Sulawesi Selatan mengindikasikan adanya kemampuan untuk beradaptasi di lingkungan dan didukung keberadaan gen pengkode ESBL pada beberapa isolat yang berpotensi disebarkan dalam satu lingkup peternakan.

The presence of gene of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance for K. pneumoniae from dairy cattle has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae from dairy cattle isolates in South Sulawesi, Indonesia using the Polymerase Chain Reaction. 12 out of 32 isolates were confirmed as K. pneumoniae bacteria. K. pneumoniae virulence factor genes: mrkD was detected in all isolates (100%), entB and wabG were found in all samples of water source, milker hand swab, and udder swabs (100%) except for samples from udder rinse water which each encoded virulence factor genes 60% and 80%. The result of water source resistance profile: cefotaxime (100%), ceftazidime, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin (50%). The result of the water udder rinsed: amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ampicillin (100%), gentamicin, ceftazidime (60%), ciprofloxacin (40%) and tetracyline (20%). The result of milker hand swab: amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ampicillin and gentamicin (100%). The result of cattle udder swabs: ampicillin, amoxicillin (100%), cefotaxime (75%), ceftazidime (50%), gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (25%). Genes resistance detection found that water samples encoded blaTEM gene (100%), udder rinsed water encoded blaTEM (80%), blaSHV (20%), blaCTX-M (20%) and udder swabs encoded presence of blaTEM (40%). All samples were negative for the tet(A), aac(3)-IV, qnrA, magA and rmpA genes. Virulence gene factors which found in dairy cattle farms in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi indicate the ability to adapt to the environment and are supported by the presence of ESBL coding genes in several isolates that have the potential to be spread within one livestock environment.