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Title: | Pengaruh Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan terhadap Karakteristik Tanah dan Stabilitas Bahan Organik pada Tanah Vulkanik. |
Other Titles: | Effect of land use change on soil characteristics and organic matter stability of volcanic soil |
Authors: | Mulyanto, Budi Suryaningtyas, Dyah Tjahyandari Subiksa, I Gusti Made Muslim, Rufaidah Qonita |
Issue Date: | 2024 |
Publisher: | IPB University |
Abstract: | Perubahan penggunaan lahan dari hutan menjadi lahan pertanian merupakan
hal yang umum terjadi di daerah pegunungan di Indonesia. Hal ini memengaruhi
karakteristik tanah, termasuk bahan organik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengetahui pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan dari hutan menjadi penggunaan
lahan lain terhadap karakteristik tanah dan stabilitas bahan organik.
Sampel tanah diambil di sekitar lereng Gunung Gede dan Pangrango
mewakili penggunaan lahan, diantaranya hutan alami, hutan pinus, kebun teh dan
lahan hortikultura. Sampel tanah dianalisis di laboratorium untuk menentukan sifat
fisik, kimia dan mineral tanah dari penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Analisis
laboratorium yang dilakukan, antara lain: tekstur, pH tanah, C-organik, total N,
kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), basa-basa dapat ditukar, retensi P, kelimpahan Al,
Fe, Si dan C yang diekstrak amonium oksalat (Alo, Feo, Sio) dan natrium pirofosfat
(Alp, Fep, Sip, Cp) serta analisis mineral pasir dan klei.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan morfologi dan klasifikasi tanah pada masingmasing
penggunaan lahan cenderung sama. Profil tanah hutan alami, hutan pinus
dan kebun teh termasuk ke dalam ordo Inceptisol, kecuali pada lahan hortikultura
tergolong ke dalam ordo Andisol. Perubahan penggunaan lahan dari hutan alam
menjadi hutan pinus dan lahan pertanian seperti perkebunan teh dan hortikultura
memengaruhi karakteristik tanah diantaranya meningkatkan bobot isi tanah,
menurunkan pH tanah, C-organik, total N, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), dan
kejenuhan basa, terutama pada lapisan atas. Mineral pasir yang dominan pada
semua penggunaan lahan adalah augit dan hipersten, sedangkan mineral klei
didominasi oleh kaolinit dan illit dimana tanah hutan memiliki variasi mineral klei
lebih banyak dibanding tanah pada lahan pertanian.
Stabilitas bahan organik yang digambarkan oleh Alp, Fep, dan Cp (hasil
ekstraksi pirofosfat), menggambarkan unsur-unsur tersebut yang membentuk
kompleks logam-humus. Pengelolaan lahan, kondisi lingkungan serta kadar Al dan
Fe pada masing-masing penggunaan lahan diduga memengaruhi kompleks Al-Fe
humus. Kecenderungan Al dan Fe dalam membentuk senyawa kompleks-humus
yang digambarkan melalui rasio (Alp+Fep)/(Alo+Feo) paling tinggi terdapat pada
hutan alami, diikuti hutan pinus, kebun teh dan lahan hortikultura. Dengan
demikian, ada indikasi penggunaan lahan dengan pengelolaan yang semakin
intensif dapat menurunkan stabilitas bahan organik. Land use change from forest to agricultural land is common in mountainous areas of Indonesia. This affects soil properties, including soil organic matter. This study aims to determine the effect of land use change from forest to other land uses on soil characteristics and organic matter stability. Soil samples were collected on the slopes of Gede and Pangrango Mounts representing land uses including natural forest, pine forest, tea plantation, and horticultural land. Soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the physical, chemical, and mineral properties of soils from different land uses. Laboratory analyses included: texture, soil pH, organic C, total N, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable bases, P retention, abundance of Al, Fe, Si, and C extracted ammonium oxalate (Alo, Feo, Sio), and sodium pyrophosphate (Alp, Fep, Cp). Mineral analysis of sand and clay was also performed. The findings showed that the soil morphology and classification in each land uses tend to be similar. The soil profiles of natural forest, pine forest and tea plantation belong to the Inceptisols order, except for horticultural land belonging to the Andisols order. Land use change from natural forest to pine forest and agricultural land such as tea plantation and horticulture affects soil properties such as increasing soil bulk density, decreasing soil pH, organic C, total N, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation, especially in the upper layers. The dominant sand minerals in all land uses were augite and hypersthene, while clay minerals were dominated by kaolinite and illite, with forest soils having a greater variety of clay minerals than agricultural soils. The stability of the organic matter described by Alp, Fep, and Cp (pyrophosphate extraction results) shows that these elements form metal-humus complexes. Land management, environmental conditions, and Al and Fe levels in each land use influence Al-Fe humus complexation. The tendency of Al and Fe to form humus complexes described by (Alp+Fep)/(Alo+Feo) ratio is highest in natural forests, followed by pine forests, tea plantation, and horticultural land. Thus, there are indications that land use with increasingly intensive management can reduce the stability of organic matter. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/135736 |
Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cover_Rufaidah Qonita Muslim (A1501211005).pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 1.9 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Fulltext_Rufaidah Qonita Muslim (A1501211005).pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 2.44 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Lampiran_Rufaidah Qonita Muslim (A1501211005).pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 980.84 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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