Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/135343
Title: Rancang Bangun Model Konseptual Contract Farming untuk Investasi Peremajaan Pohon Kopi
Other Titles: Design of a Conceptual Model of Contract Farming for Investment in Coffee Tree Rejuvenation
Authors: Ma’arif, Syamsul
Suroso, Arif Imam
Jahroh, Siti
Haryono, Adi
Issue Date: 10-Jan-2024
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia, yang bergantung pada ekspor (60% diekspor). Penelitian ini mempelajari upaya peremajaan mandiri (kebun rakyat 95% dari lahan 1,2juta ha) untuk meningkatkan produktivitas robusta 0,6 ton/ha (dibandingkan rival Brazil 6 ton/ha dan Vietnam 2 ton/ha). Petani tidak memiliki modal dan membutuhkan pendapatan selama 3 tahun tanaman belum menghasilkan. Kerjasama Contract farming dipandang sebagai solusi potensial untuk mengatasi kendala produksi dan kendala kepemilikan lahan. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah merancang model contract farming untuk investasi peremajaan pohon kopi. Metode dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas beberapa teknik analisis yaitu analisis deskriptif, Soft System Methodology (SSM), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) dan analisis keuangan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan survei pakar dan key person (termasuk petani kopi) berbentuk FGD, wawancara dan observasi. Penelitian dilakukan di industri agribisnis kopi di Lampung, yang memiliki ekosistem ekspor dan pengolahan kopi, mulai Juni 2021 sampai Januari 2023. Penelitian mendapat masukan dari komunitas Kopista yang meningkatkan produktivitas metode Brazil secara mandiri. Partisipasi petani dalam peremajaan pohon kopi di Indonesia masih rendah karena: 1) pendapatan yang terbatas, 2) ketergantungan pada penghasilan utama di pohon kopi tua, 3) pengepul dan pedagang tidak tertarik investasi di kebun petani, 4) pengelolaan kebun belum profitable, 5) kelompok tani memerlukan sarana, dan 6) dibutuhkan kebijakan perbankan terkait offtaker dan agunan. Kunci keberhasilan replanting adalah penerapan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR)/ kredit investasi, pengembangan metode produksi, pendampingan bisnis, peningkatan kemampuan manajerial, digitalisasi transaksi dari hulu hingga hilir, serta adanya kerjasama antar pihak untuk replanting. Lembaga atau kelompok yang terlibat secara aktif dalam investasi replanting adalah petani kopi, penyuluh pertanian, dan eksportir. Kendala utamanya adalah pengelolaan kebun masih tidak profitable, sehingga solusinya produksi kebun tua ditingkatkan menjadi 2 ton/ha yang diserap offtaker. Setelah tahap tersebut, kegiatan replanting 4000 pohon baru dapat dilakukan dalam tiga bentuk: 1) investasi secara bertahap mengganti 2000 pohon tua (2) investasi kebun sendiri sekaligus dengan kredit bank. dan 3) Investasi perluasan berbagi hasil dengan pemilik kebun lain/petani penggarap. Berdasarkan contract design theory, kombinasi model informal intermediary dan multipartite intermediary diperlukan untuk produktivitas dan peremajaan, dengan langkah-langkah: 1) peningkatan produksi di lahan sekarang dari 0,6 ton menjadi 2 ton/ha, 2) penetapan metode investasi: lahan sendiri bertahap, replanting sekaligus, ataupun kerjasama lahan, 3) seleksi petani dan metode contract farming, dilanjutkan dengan perjanjian kredit dan perjanjian offtaker, 4) penerapan teknologi di produksi, kredit, dan supplychain, dan 5) peningkatan kompetensi agribisnis ekosistem petani dalam GVC.
Coffee is one of Indonesia's leading export commodities, and mainly dependent on export (60% of production). Indonesian competitive edge comes from produce of old trees, thus relying on rejuvenation efforts for improving Indonesia estate (smallholders comprise of 95% of coffee estate land) whose robusta productivity is of 0,6 ton/ha (comparable to rival Brazil of 6 tonnes and Vietnam of 2 tonnes). Farmers rarely invest due to constraint of capital and replanting reduces the main income source. Contract farming cooperation is a potential solution to limited resources and land ownership. The main objective of this research is to design contract farming model for investment in coffee replanting. The method in this research consists of several analytical techniques, namely descriptive analysis, Soft System Methodology (SSM), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), and financial analysis. This research carried out in the coffee agribusiness industry of Lampung, having ecosystem for export and proccessing facilities, from June 2021 to January 2023. The research benefits from the input of Kopista community who has succesfully increased their productivity according to Brazil method. Farmer participation in rejuvenating coffee trees in Indonesia is limited due to several reasons, namely: 1) limited income, 2) dependence on the main income from old coffee trees, 3) collectors and traders are not interested in investing in plantations or investing together with farmers, 4) estate management is yet to achieve the profitability 5) Farmer groups still need basic inputs and equipment, and 6) support from banks is needed in regards to collateral. Success factors for replanting are the implementation of the People's Business loans (KUR)/ investment loan process, development of production methods, business assistance, increasing managerial capabilities, digitalization of transactions from upstream to downstream, and synergy between all parties. The institutions or groups actively involved in replanting investment are coffee farmers, agricultural extension workers, and exporters. The main obstacle is that coffee estates are not profitable. Hence, production needs to achieve 2tonnes/ ha, to be absorped by offtaker. Only then, replanting new 4000 trees can be carried out, in three forms: 1) gradual investment replacing 2000 old trees. 2) investing new 4000 trees with bank credit. and 3) Investment thru profit sharing with other plantation owners/tenant farmers. Based on Contract Design Theory, a combination of contract farming models for coffee rejuvenation is to be carried out in following steps: 1) increasing production from 0,6 ton to 2 tonnes. 2) determining investment methods: owning land in stages, replanting all at once, or land collaboration, 3) selection of farmers and contract farming method, followed by credit agreements and offtaker agreements, 4) application of technology in production, credit and supply chains, and 5) increasing the agribusiness competence of farmers ecosystem in GVC.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/135343
Appears in Collections:DT - Business

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