Tahura Model - Menuju Organisasi Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Alam & Ekosistem Di Taman Hutan Raya Secara Berkeadilan Dan Berkelanjutan

Abstract

Currently, there are 39 tahura units with an area of 383,586.06 Ha, spread across all provinces in Indonesia. Normatively, Tahura can produce goods and services (quasi public goods) that are economically important as source of regional income and socially important as source of livelihood. Based on current laws and regulations, there are 3 utilization schemes in tahura, namely: (1) Managed directly by the technical management unit (UPTD) through charge to visitors, researchers, users of infrastructure facilities built by the manager or other users as regional levies; (2) Managed by business license holders in business spaces (of utilization block) or service providers in the tahura area; (3) Managed by the local communities through conservation partnerships. In practice, the utilization of natural resources and ecosystems in most tahura, as mandated in PP 28 of 2011, is far from optimal, especially in order to meet the expectations of local governments in boosting local government income and at the same time improving community welfare. In many cases, massive illegal activities, such as illegal logging, land occupation for oil palm plantation and agriculture and tenurial conflicts, are faced by tahura management in the field. The “Tahura model” is proposed as a pilot project to be implemented by local governments - having authority to manage tahura - to optimize the equitable and sustainable use of natural resources and ecosystems in tahura. This pilot project basically seeks to find organizational options that are legally justified to manage natural resources and ecosystems in tahura, but are given more flexibility to manage business in an integrated manner across utilization blocks and other blocks, including developing business networks with relevant parties to increase multiplier effects to the surrounding area. In this context, the business institution must have a viable and sustainable business plan, and be responsible for the ecological and socio-cultural functions of tahura management. Without change of existing law and regulations, this requires discretion from local governments, supported by enabling policies by the central government.