Invigorasi Benih Padi dengan Vermicompost Priming untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Fisiologis Benih pada Kondisi Optimum dan Cekaman Salinitas

Abstract

Kemunduran benih adalah proses alami. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempercepat proses kemunduran benih yaitu cara penyimpanan benih yang kurang tepat. Invigorasi dapat meningkatkan vigor benih yang telah mengalami deteriorasi, bahkan dapat meningkatkan toleransi benih pada kondisi cekaman. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan perlakuan vermicompost priming yang tepat untuk meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih padi serta mengevaluasi efektivitas metode invigorasi benih padi pada kondisi perkecambahan cekaman salinitas. Penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri atas tiga percobaan dengan rancangan acak lengkap dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Percobaan 1 menentukan konsentrasi vermicompost dan durasi priming terbaik. Faktor pertama, konsentrasi larutan vermicompost: 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%, faktor kedua durasi priming: 6 jam, 12 jam, 18 jam, dan 24 jam. Percobaan 2, membandingkan metode vermicompost priming dengan beberapa metode invigorasi benih padi pada lot benih berbeda. Faktor pertama adalah lot benih padi dengan lama penyimpanan berbeda sebelum digunakan: 9 bulan (lot 1), 5 bulan (lot 2), 3 bulan (lot 3). Faktor kedua, metode invigorasi: tanpa perlakuan, hydropriming, osmoconditioning PEG 6000 5%, dan taraf perlakuan vermicompost priming (VCP) terbaik percobaan 1. Percobaan 3, pengujian benih padi hasil invigorasi melalui pengecambahan pada kondisi cekaman salinitas. Faktor metode invigorasi: tanpa perlakuan, hydropriming, osmoconditioning PEG 6000 5%, dan VCP terbaik percobaan 1. Faktor cekaman salinitas: tanpa cekaman, cekaman NaCl 50 mM, dan 100 mM NaCl. Ketiga percobaan dilakukan pada kondisi ruang bersuhu 25±2oC dan RH 55-70%. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu perlakuan VCP terbaik bagi benih padi dengan konsentrasi vermicompost 5% dan durasi 24 jam. Hydropriming tidak dapat meningkatkan indeks vigor benih. Osmoconditioning PEG 5% selama 24 jam dapat meningkatkan indeks vigor benih lot 1 (umur simpan 9 bulan) dan lot 2 (umur simpan 5 bulan). Vermicompost priming efektif meningkatkan indeks vigor pada ketiga lot benih. Hydropriming, osmoconditioning PEG, dan vermicompost priming tidak menurunkan indeks vigor pada cekaman salinitas 50 mM NaCl, namun menurun pada salinitas 100 mM NaCl. Perlakuan vermicompost priming terbaik dalam meningkatkan vigor benih pada kondisi cekaman salinitas.

Seed deterioration is a natural process. One factor that can accelerate the process of seed deterioration is improper seed storage methods. Invigoration can increase the vigor of deteriorated seeds and the seed tolerance under stress conditions. The study aimed to obtain the best vermicompost priming treatment that can increase the viability and vigor of rice seeds and evaluate the effectiveness of the rice seed invigoration method under salinity stress germination conditions. The study consisted of three experiments with a complete randomized design, two factors, and three replications. Experiment 1 determined the best vermicompost concentration and priming duration. The first factor was vermicompost solution concentration: 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, and the second factor was priming duration: 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, and 24 hours. Experiment 2 compared the vermicompost priming with other invigoration methods on rice seeds of different seed lots. The first factor was rice seed lots with different storage period before use: 9 months (lot 1), 5 months (lot 2), and 3 months (lot 3). The second factor was the invigoration method: untreated, hydropriming, osmoconditioning with PEG 6000 5%, and the best level of vermicompost priming (VCP) from Experiment 1. Experiment 3 tested the effects of invigorated rice seeds on germination under salinity stress conditions. Invigoration method factor: untreated, hydropriming, osmoconditioning PEG 6000 5%, and the best VCP of Experiment 1. Salinity stress factor: without stress, 50 mM NaCl, and 100 mM NaCl. All experiments were done at room temperature of 25±2oC and RH 55-70%. The result showed, the best VCP treatment for rice seeds was a vermicompost concentration of 5% and a duration of 24 hours. Hydropriming could not increase the vigor index of seeds. The 5% PEG osmoconditioning for 24 hours improved the vigor index of seed lot 1 and seed lot 2. Vermicompost priming was the most effective in increasing the vigor index on all seed lots. Hydropriming, PEG osmoconditioning, and vermicompost priming did not decrease vigor index at 50 mM NaCl salinity stress, but decreased at 100 mM NaCl salinity. Vermicompost priming was the best treatment for increasing seed vigor under salinity stress conditions