Sintesis dan Analisis Sifat Mekanika Biokomposit Sandwich Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)

Abstract

Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah padat pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS utuh diproses menjadi benang pilin. Benang dianyam menggunakan anyaman tradisional dan ditenun menggunakan Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin (ATBM) hingga terbentuk kain woven. Kain woven disusun berdasarkan biokomposit sandwich menggunakan hot press dengan variasi komposisi kain sawit, kevlar-sawit dan kevlar. Pengujian mekanik dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu tensile strength dan izod impact strength. Pengujian kuat tarik untuk mengetahui nilai tensile strength, elongation at break dan modulus young. Sampel variasi kain sawit dengan susunan lapisan kain kevlar satu lapis, 8 kain kevlar-sawit, dan kain kevlar satu lapis memiliki nilai kuat tarik rata-rata paling besar yaitu 35,57 MPa dengan luas permukaan 110 mm2. Sampel variasi kain sawit dengan susunan komposit kain kevlar-sawit dan kevlar-sawit satu lapis memiliki nilai impact strength terbesar 322 J/m. Energi kinetik yang terjadi sebelum tumbukan 0,63 J dan momentum sebelum tumbukan 2,1 kg.m/s. Sesudah terjadi tumbukan energi kinetik yang dihasilkan 0 J tepat pada jarak 5 mm.

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are one of the solid wastes from palm oil processing. The whole OPEFB was processed into a twisted thread. The thread is woven using traditional weaving and woven using a non-machine loom to form a woven cloth. Woven fabrics are prepared based on sandwich biocomposites using the hot press method, with variations in the composition of palm, kevlar-palm, and kevlar fabrics. Mechanical testing is carried out in two stages, namely the tensile strength test and the impact test. Tensile strength testing was carried out to determine the values of tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus. Samples with variations of palm cloth with one layer of kevlar cloth, 8 layers of kevlar-palm cloth, and one layer of kevlar cloth have the highest average tensile strength value among the other samples, namely 35,57 MPa with a surface area of 110 mm2. Samples with variations of palm cloth and a one layer kevlar-palm and kevlar-palm palm fabric composite had the highest impact strength value of 322 J/m. The kinetic energy that occurs before the collision (Ek) is 0,63 J, and the momentum before the collision (P) is 2,1 kg/s. After the collision, the kinetic energy produced is 0 J at an exact distance of 5 mm.