Evaluasi Suplementasi Vitamin D3 dalam Pakan terhadap Performa, Kualitas Telur, Mineral Tulang, dan Imunitas Ayam Lohmann

Abstract

Kesehatan tulang pada ayam petelur sangat erat kaitannya dengan performa produksi dan kualitas fisik telur yang telah menjadi tujuan penting ekonomi secara komersial. Vitamin D memiliki peran penting dalam penyerapan dan homeostasis kalsium (Ca) dan fosfor (P), regulasi hormon paratiroid, mineralisasi dan mobilisasi tulang, dan mengontrol kelainan tulang pada ayam petelur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra (vitamin D3 yang diperkaya dengan canthaxanthin) dalam pakan terhadap performa produksi, kualitas telur, mineral tulang, dan imunitas ayam Lohmann dalam upaya menghasilkan telur fungsional kaya akan vitamin D3. Ayam petelur strain Lohmann sebanyak 150 ekor didistribusikan sesuai dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) ke dalam 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu P0 = ransum tanpa suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra (kontrol), P1 = ransum dengan suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra 1,0 kg ton-1, dan P2 = ransum dengan suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra 1,5 kg ton-1. Peubah yang diamati konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, hen day production (HDP), bobot telur, massa telur, mortalitas, income over feed and cost (IOFC), kualitas telur, kandungan vitamin D3 kuning telur, profil darah, mineral plasma darah, persentase organ imunitas, dan mineral tulang tibia. Data penelitian yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA), jika terdapat perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan dan uji lanjut Polinomial Ortogonal untuk menentukan dosis optimal pada peubah HDP, massa telur, konversi pakan dan indeks telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra 1,0 dan 1,5 kg ton-1 pakan nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan HDP, massa telur, indeks telur, indeks kuning telur, bobot putih telur, warna kuning telur, tebal kerabang, kekuatan kerabang, kandungan vitamin D3 dalam kuning telur, jumlah heterofil, dan rasio heterofil/limfosit (H/L) darah dibandingkan pakan kontrol. Suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra dalam pakan nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan konversi pakan, bobot kuning telur, porositas kerabang, dan jumlah limfosit darah. Analisis polinomial ortogonal menunjukkan bahwa model regresi kuadrat suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra untuk HDP dan konversi pakan dengan dosis optimal sebesar 0,98 kg ton-1 (P=0,00), untuk massa telur dosis optimal yang diperoleh sebesar 1,0 kg ton-1 (P=0,00) dan indeks telur memiliki dosis optimal sebesar 1,5 kg ton-1 (P=0,02). Suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra dalam pakan tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi pakan, bobot telur, indeks putih telur, bobot putih telur, bobot kerabang, Haugh unit, kadar mineral plasma darah, persentase organ imunitas, dan kadar mineral tulang tibia. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra dengan dosis 1,0 kg ton-1 pakan dapat meningkatkan performa produksi, sedangkan kualitas telurnya meningkat dengan suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra sebanyak 1,5 kg ton-1 pakan. Suplementasi Nutricell Eggstra sebanyak 1,0 dan 1,5 kg ton-1 dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan kandungan vitamin D3 sebesar 1407% dan 2352%

Bone health in laying hens is related to production performance and physical quality of eggs which have become important commercial economic goals. Vitamin D plays an important role in the absorption and homeostasis of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), regulation of parathyroid hormone, bone mineralization and mobilization, and controlling bone abnormalities in laying hens. This research aimed to evaluate the supplementation of Nutricell Eggstra (vitamin D3 enriched with canthaxanthin) in the diet on production performance, egg quality, bone mineral, and immunity of Lohmann laying hens to produce functional eggs rich in vitamin D3. This research used 150 Lohmann laying hens which were distributed according to a completely randomized design into 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment diets were P0 = diet without Nutricell Eggstra (control), P1 = diet supplemented with Nutricell Eggstra 1.0 kg ton-1, P2 = diet supplemented with Nutricell Eggstra 1.5 kg ton-1. The observed variables were feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), hen day production (HDP), egg weight, egg mass, mortality, income over feed and cost (IOFC), egg quality, egg yolk vitamin D3 content, blood profile, blood plasma minerals, immune organs, and tibia bone minerals. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a difference, it was continued with Duncan test and Polynomial Orthogonal test to determine the optimum doses for HDP, egg mass, FCR, and egg index. The results showed that supplementation of Nutricell Eggstra at doses of 1.0 and 1.5 kg ton-1 significantly increased (P<0.05) HDP, egg mass, egg index, yolk index, albumen weight, egg yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, yolk vitamin D3 content, heterofil, and heterophil/lymphocytes (H/L) ratio compared to control diet. Supplementation of Nutricell Eggstra significantly decreased (P<0.05) FCR, yolk weight, eggshell porosity, and limfosit. Polynomial orthogonal contrast analysis demonstrated that the quadratic model regression of Nutricell Eggstra supplementation level for HDP and FCR with an optimum level of 0.98 kg ton-1 (P=0.00), while for egg mass the optimum level obtained was 1.0 kg ton-1 (P=0.00). Meanwhile, based on the quadratic regression model of supplementation Nutricell Eggstra for egg index the optimum level was 1.5 kg ton-1 (P=0.02). Nutricell Eggstra supplementation did not affect feed intake, egg weight, albumen index, albumen weight, eggshell weight, Haugh unit, blood plasma minerals, immune organs, and tibia bone minerals. The conclusion of this research was that supplementation of Nutricell Eggstra 1.0 kg ton-1 yielded the best performance, supplementation of Nutricell Eggstra 1.5 kg ton-1 produced the best quality of eggs. Supplementation of Nutricell Eggstra 1.0 and 1.5 kg ton-1 increased vitamin D3 content in egg yolk of 1407% and 2352%