Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/132291
Title: Analisis Kelengketan Tanah pada Pengolahan Tanah Sawah Menggunakan Bajak Singkal
Other Titles: Analysis of Soil Sticking in Paddy Field Tillage Using Moldboard Plow
Authors: Mandang, Tineke
Riswanto, Abdurrahman
Issue Date: Nov-2023
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Kelengketan tanah yang terjadi saat pembajakan tanah menggunakan alat dan mesin pertanian menimbulkan permasalahan yaitu rendahnya efisiensi dan kualitas pengolahan tanah. Kelengketan dapat terjadi pada roda traktor dan bajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis besarnya kelengketan tanah yang dialami bajak singkal, menganalisis sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah yang memengaruhi kelengketan tanah serta menganalisis pengaruh metode penggenangan dalam pembajakan primer menggunakan singkal. Penelitian lapang dilaksanakan di lahan sawah Desa Cikarawang, Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian laboratorium dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisika dan Mekanika Tanah, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium PT. Biodiversitas Bioteknologi Indonesia. Percobaan lapang dilakukan dalam tiga waktu berbeda, yaitu kondisi 1 hari penggenangan setelah hujan, kondisi 7 hari penggenangan, dan kondisi 10 hari penggenangan. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan saat sebelum dan setelah pembajakan untuk diukur sifat fisiknya. Selain itu, dilakukan uji adhesi tanah, indeks plastisitas tanah, dan tekstur tanah sebagai data penunjang untuk menganalisis kelengketan tanah yang terjadi. Hasil kelengketan tanah tertinggi terjadi pada waktu pembajakan pertama dengan kedalaman pembajakan 15 cm yaitu sebesar 174,5 g dengan nilai kadar air 34%, nilai dry bulk density 1,3 g/cc, nilai porositas 51,76%. Kelengketan cenderung terjadi pada bagian mata bajak singkal (share) dan roda traktor. Bagian mata bajak (share) merupakan bagian yang bekerja saat proses intake sehingga cenderung lebih sering bereaksi dengan tanah hingga kedalaman tertentu. Sedangkan bagian singkal merupakan bagian yang menerima tanah olahan hasil dari kerja mata bajak dan pada bagian ini, tanah cenderung mengalir bersama air. Tanah memiliki nilai batas plastis 37%, batas cair 75,5%, dan IP sebesar 38%. Sifat tanah pada lahan uji merupakan tanah yang berplastisitas tinggi dan kohesif karena didominasi oleh fraksi liat yaitu sebesar 72%. Sedangkan fraksi pasir 9% dan fraksi debu 19%. Hasil kelengketan tanah terendah terjadi pada waktu pembajakan ketiga atau setelah diberikan perlakuan penggenangan selama 10 hari yaitu sebesar 60 g dengan nilai kadar air 74%, nilai dry bulk density 0,9 g/cc dan nilai porositas sebesar 64,21%. Penurunan tanah yang lengket ini disebabkan akibat adanya penggenangan yang mengakibatkan pengurangan gaya kohesi tanah, mineral menjadi lebih lunak, mudah hancur, serta mempermudah pelapukan bongkahan tanah yang keras.
Soil sticking that occurs when plowing soil using agricultural tools and machinery causes problems, namely the low efficiency and quality of tillage. Soil sticking can occur on the wheels of tractors and plows. This research aims to analyze the amount of soil sticking experienced by the plow, analyze the physical and mechanical properties of the soil that affect soil sticking and analyze the effect of inundation methods in primary plowing using moldboard plow. Field research was carried out in the rice fields of Cikarawang Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. Laboratory research was carried out at the Laboratory of Soil Physics and Mechanics, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University and Indonesia Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology Laboratory. Field experiments were carried out at three different times, namely conditions of 1 day of inundation after rain, conditions of 7 days of inundation, and conditions of 10 days of inundation. Soil sampling was carried out before and after plowing to measure the physical properties of the soil. In addition, soil adhesion tests, soil plasticity index, and soil texture were carried out as supporting data to analyze soil sticking that occurs. The highest soil sticking results occurred at the time of the first plowing with a plowing depth of 15 cm, which was 174.5 g with a moisture content value of 34%, dry bulk density value of 1.3 g / cc, porosity value of 51.76%. Soil sticking tends to occur on the share plow blade and tractor wheels. The share is a part that works during the intake process so it tends to react more often with the soil to a certain depth while the plow part is the part that receives plowed soil from the work of the plow and in this part, the soil tends to flow with water. Soil has a plastic limit value of 37%, a liquid limit of 75.5%, and an IP of 38%. The soil properties in the test field are high plasticity and cohesive soil because it is dominated by clay fraction, which is 72%, while the sand fraction is 9% and silt fraction is 19%. The lowest soil sticking results occurred at the time of the third plowing or after flooding treatment for 10 days, which was 60 g with a moisture content value of 74%, a dry bulk density value of 0.9 g / cc and a porosity value of 64.21%. This sticky soil subsidence is caused by inundation which results in a reduction in soil cohesion forces, minerals become softer, easily destroyed, and facilitate weathering of hard soil chunks.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/132291
Appears in Collections:UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering

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