Analysis Of Household Socioeconomic And Gender-Based Determinants Of Food And Nutrition Security In Rural And Urban Areas: A Study In West Java, East Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, And West Nusa Tenggara

Abstract

The disparity in development between urban and rural areas remains one of the causes of the differences between access to food among urban and rural populations. Despite Indonesia’s rapid economic growth, people in rural areas benefited less than that one in urban areas. The household's human capital is characterized by the members' socioeconomic characteristics, such as education, income, occupation, and family size. Another notable characteristic is gender-specific characteristics. Although household with male head has been reported to have better income and access to food, studies showed that household food security and nutritional status is significantly better when women are involved in decision-making in the family (Kennedy & Peters 1992, Gitungwa et al. 2021). Women tend to prioritize household expenditure for food, health, and children's education, making better choices for the benefit of the household (Harris-Fry et al. 2015). Women's decision-making role is closely related to cultural norms in the region. Certain cultures and ethnicity also limit women's access to food. ...