Aplikasi Pupuk Phonska Cair terhadap Produksi Kubis pada Andisol Pasir Sarongge Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat.

Abstract

Pemupukan yang efektif diperlukan dalam menunjang produksi pertanian. Pertanian skala luas membutuhkan teknik aplikasi pupuk yang cepat dan efisien dalam penggunaan tenaga kerja. Pemupukan lewat penyemprotan ke daun sebagian besar dilakukan pada komoditas hortikultura. Kubis merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang sangat penting dan ditanam secara luas. Budidaya tanaman kubis cukup menjanjikan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengevaluasi pupuk Phonska cair pada budidaya tanaman kubis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tujuh perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Komoditas yang dipakai yaitu tanaman kubis yang ditanam pada lahan percobaan Pasir Sarongge, IPB University. Hasil uji aplikasi pupuk tidak berpengaruh nyata pada parameter pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kubis. Analisis tanah sebelum perlakuan untuk tiga blok menunjukkan bahwa pH agak masam, C-organik tinggi sampai sangat tinggi, N-total sedang sampai tinggi, P-tersedia sangat tinggi, basa-basa dapat dipertukarkan (Ca, Mg, dan K) berkisar dari sedang sampai sangat tinggi, sedangkan Na umumnya rendah. Kejenuhan basa (KB) berkisar dari rendah sampai tinggi dan kejenuhan Al adalah sangat rendah, sedangkan analisis tanah setelah perlakuan menunjukkan adanya perubahan baik kenaikan atau penurunan sifat kimia tanah. Hasil analisis tanah setelah perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa pH umumnya agak masam sampai masam, C-organik tanah tinggi sampai sangat tinggi, dan P-tersedia sangat tinggi. Basa-basa dapat dipertukarkan (Ca, Mg, dan K) berkisar dari sedang sampai sangat tinggi sementara Na umumnya rendah. Kejenuhan basa berkisar dari sedang sampai sangat tinggi dan kejenuhan Al adalah sangat rendah. Nilai Relative Agronomic Effectiveness semua perlakuan pemberian pupuk relatif lebih besar dari perlakuan pupuk standar. Nilai R/C rasio dan B/C rasio dari seluruh perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani kubis sudah layak atau sudah menguntungkan dari aspek finansial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perlakuan 500 kg/ha Petroganik, 400 kg/ha Phonska 15:10:12, 300 kg/ha ZA, 5 l/ha Phonska Cair 10:8:3 memberikan pengaruh paling baik dari sisi produksi karena memiliki bobot biomasa tertinggi, bobot krop tertinggi, diameter krop terpanjang, dan nilai RAE paling besar.

Effective fertilization is needed to support agricultural production. Large scale farming requires fertilizer application techniques that are fast and efficient in the use of labor. Fertilization by spraying leaves is mostly done on horticultural commodities. Cabbage is a very important horticultural commodity and is widely cultivated. Cabbage cultivation is quite promising. The aim of this research was to evaluate liquid Phonska fertilizer in cabbage plants. This research used a Randomized Group Design (RGD) with seven treatments and three replications. The commodity used was cabbage plants planted on the Pasir Sarongge experimental land, IPB University. The results of the fertilizer application test did not have a significant effect on the growth and production parameters of cabbage plants. Soil analysis before treatment of tree blocks showed that the pH were slightly acidic, organic C were high to very high, total N were medium to high, available P were very high, exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, and K) ranged from medium to very high while Na were generally low. Base saturation ranged from low to high and Al saturation were very low. Meanwhile soil analysis after treatment showed changes in either increasing or decreasing soil chemical properties. The results of soil analysis after treatment showed that the pH were generally slightly acidic to acidic, soil organic C were high to very high, and available P were very high. The exchangeable basic cations (Ca, Mg, and K) ranged from moderate to very high while Na were generally low. Base saturation ranged from moderate to very high and Al saturation were very low. The Relative Agronomic Effectiveness values for all fertilizer treatments were relatively greater than the standard fertilizer treatment. The R/C ratio and B/C ratio values for all treatments indicated that cabbage farming was feasible or profitable from a financial aspect. Based on the research results, treatment 500 kg/ha Petroganik, 400 kg/ha Phonska 15:10:12, 300 kg/ha ZA, 5 l/ha Phonska Liquid 10:8:3 resulted the best effect in terms of production because it had the highest biomass weight, the highest crop weight, the longest crop diameter, and the largest RAE value.