Potensi Sebaran Hama Penggerek Batang dan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Lada di Kabupaten Lampung Utara

Abstract

Lada adalah salah satu komoditas ekspor Indonesia di bidang perkebunan mengalami penurunan hasil yang salah satunya dapat disebabkan oleh faktor serangan hama dan penyakit. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan hama dan penyakit salah satunya dapat dipengaruhi iklim suatu daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi sebaran hama penggerek batang (Lophobaris piperis) dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada (Phytophthora capsici) berdasarkan nilai Ecoclimatic Index (EI), serta mengetahui potensi kerugian akibat hama penggerek batang (Lophobaris piperis) dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada (Phytophthora capsici) di Kabupaten Lampung Utara. Ecoclimatic Index (EI) merupakan luaran Model Climex berdasarkan karakteristik fisik spesies dan faktor iklim Kabupaten Lampung Utara pada tahun 2009-2018. Nilai EI hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada tergolong sesuai hingga sangat sesuai. Potensi sebaran tertinggi hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada berlokasi di Kecamatan Sungkai Jaya. Potensi sebaran terendah hama penggerek batang berlokasi di Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada berlokasi di Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan dan Abung Tinggi. Secara umum, potensi sebaran bulanan hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada memiliki pola yang sama, dimana pola fluktuasi bulanan tinggi pada musim hujan. Potensi kerugian hasil lada berbanding lurus dengan luas serangan hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada. Serangan yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan kerugian hasil yang tinggi.

Pepper is one of Indonesia's agricultural export commodities, which has been experiencing a decrease in yield, partly due to factors such as pest and disease attacks. The growth and development of pests and diseases can be influenced by the climate of an area. This study aims to analyse the potential distribution of pepper stem borer pest (Lophobaris piperis) and pepper stem base rot disease (Phytophthora capsici) based on the Ecoclimatic Index (EI) value, and determine the potential losses due to pepper stem borer pest (Lophobaris piperis) and pepper stem base rot disease (Phytophthora capsici) in North Lampung Regency. Ecoclimatic Index (EI) is the output of the Climex Model based on the physical characteristics of species and climatic factors of North Lampung Regency in 2009-2018. The EI values of pepper stem borer pests and pepper stem base rot disease are classified as suitable to highly suitable. The highest potential distribution of pepper stem borer pests and pepper stem base rot disease is located in Sungkai Jaya sub-district. The lowest potential distribution of pepper stem borer pests is located in Kotabumi Selatan sub-district and pepper stem base rot disease is located in Kotabumi Selatan and Abung Tinggi sub-districts. In general, the potential monthly distribution of stem borer pests and pepper stem base rot disease has the same pattern, where the monthly fluctuation pattern is high in the rainy season. The potential yield loss of pepper is directly proportional to the extent of pepper stem borer infestation and pepper stem base rot disease. High infestation can lead to high yield losses.