Uji Efektivitas Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza pada Tanaman Akasia (Acacia Mangium Willd.) di Nursery.

Abstract

Akasia (Acacia mangium Willd.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang memiliki prioritas unggul dalam pengembangan hutan tanaman indsustri (HTI) di Indonesia, salah satunya dalam kegiatan reboisasi pada potensi kawasan hutan kurang produktif. Pemberian pupuk hayati dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam memperbaiki, meningkatkan, dan mempertahankan kualitas tanah sehingga mampu menunjang pertumbuhan, hasil, serta kualitas berbagai tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pupuk hayati mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman akasia di nursery, menganalisis infeksi akar dan jenis spora disebabkan mikoriza, serta mengkaji pengaruh pemberian pupuk hayati mikoriza terhadap sifat kimia dan biologi tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan enam taraf perlakuan dan dua belas ulangan, sehingga satuan percobaan adalah 72 polybag. Perlakuan pengujian pupuk hayati berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri No. 1 Tahun 2019 antara lain kontrol (tanpa pupuk NPK dan pupuk hayati); 1 NPK; 1 pupuk hayati; 1 NPK standar + 1 pupuk hayati; 3/4 NPK + 1 pupuk hayati; serta 1/2 NPK + 1 pupuk hayati. Perlakuan kombinasi 1 NPK standar + 1 pupuk hayati memberikan hasil pertumbuhan paling baik pada parameter tinggi, jumlah daun, dan berat kering tajuk (BKT), sedangkan kombinasi 1/2 NPK + 1 pupuk hayati paling baik pada parameter diameter batang dan berat kering akar (BKA). Nilai Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) pada perlakuan 1 NPK + 1 pupuk hayati menunjukkan hasil yang paling efektif secara agronomi. Pemberian mikoriza mampu membentuk kolonisasi akar sebesar 60% dan jenis spora yang paling banyak ditemukan berasal dari jenis Acaulospora sp. dan Glomus sp. Total populasi mikroba dan respirasi tanah tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 1 NPK + 1 pupuk hayati. Pemberian mikoriza pada tanaman akasia menunjukkan adanya peningkatan ketersediaan fosfor tersedia dan fosfor total dalam tanah.

Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) is one of the plant species that has a high priority in the development of industrial plantations in Indonesia. High priority in the development of industrial plantation forests in Indonesia, one of which is in reforestation activities on potential underdeveloped productive forest areas. The application of biological fertilizers can be an alternative in improving, improve and maintain soil quality so that it can support growth, yield, and quality of various plants. This study aims to determine the effect of mycorrhizal biofertilizer on acacia plant growth in the nursery, analyze root infection and spore types caused by mycorrhiza in acacia plants in the nursery, and examine the effect of mycorrhizal biofertilizers on the chemical and biological properties of soil. This study used a single-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with six levels of treatments and twelve replications, so the experimental unit was 72 polybags. Biological fertilizer testing treatment is based on Ministerial Regulation no. 1 of 2019, including control; 1 standard NPK (15-15-15); 1 biofertilizer; 1 standard NPK + 1 biofertilizer; 3/4 NPK + 1 biofertilizer; and 1/2 NPK + 1 biological fertilizer. The combination treatment of 1 standard NPK + 1 biological fertilizer gave the best growth results in the parameters of height, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight (BKT), while the combination of 1/2 NPK + 1 biological fertilizer was the best in the parameters of stem diameter and root dry weight ( BKA). The Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) value in the 1 NPK + 1 biological fertilizer treatment showed the most effective results agronomically. The application of mycorrhizae was able to form root colonization of 60% and the type of spores most commonly found came from Acaulospora sp. and Glomus sp. The highest total microbial population and soil respiration were found in the 1 NPK + 1 biological fertilizer treatment. Providing mycorrhiza to acacia plants shows an increase in the availability of phosphorus in the soil.