Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total serta Kapasitas Antioksidan Daun Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) pada Umur Panen Berbeda

Abstract

Pemilihan usia panen memengaruhi kadar senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, serta kapasitas antioksidan tanaman gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur dan membandingkan fenolik total, flavonoid total, dan kapasitas antioksidan bagian daun tanaman gandarusa dengan berbagai usia panen. Daun gandarusa dengan usia 3, 4, 5, dan 6 bulan diekstrak menggunakan metode sonikasi dan maserasi. Kandungan fenolik total dan flavonoid total masing-masing diukur dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan metode AlCl3. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur dengan metode 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar fenolik total, flavonoid total, serta kapasitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan FRAP tertinggi diperoleh masing-masing pada usia empat bulan (2,252 mg GAE/g DW), enam bulan (4,413 mg QE/g DW), tiga bulan (10,688 µmol TE/g DW), dan enam bulan (16,239 µmol TE/g DW). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa daun berusia enam bulan memiliki potensi terbaik karena memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan kapasitas antioksidan metode FRAP tertinggi.

The selection of harvesting age affects the levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and the antioxidant capacity of the gendarussa plant (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.). This study aimed to measure and compare the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of the gandarusa plant at various harvesting ages. Gendarussa leaves at the ages of 3, 4, 5, and 6 months were extracted using sonication and maceration methods. Total phenolic content and flavonoids were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods. The results showed that the highest levels of total phenolic, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity using the DPPH and FRAP methods were obtained at four months (2,252 mg GAE/g DW), six months (4,413 mg QE/g DW), three months (10,688 µmol TE/g DW), and six months (16,239 µmol TE/g DW), respectively. This study concludes that six-month-old leaves had the best potential because they had the highest content of flavonoid compounds and antioxidant capacity by the FRAP method.